Derive IP ranges from new ADDRS_SAFE_TO_USE vars

The switch to using subnetpools caused quite a bit of confusion
because it didn't respect the value of FIXED_RANGE. This caused
conflicts in the gate with it's default IPv4 value of 10.0.0.0/8.

This patch does a few things to address the issue:
* It introduces the IPV4_ADDRS_SAFE_TO_USE and IPV6_ADDRS_SAFE_TO_USE
  values and adjusts all of the FIXED_RANGE and SUBNETPOOL_PREFIX values
  to dervive from them by default.
  * This addresses the concern that was raised about implying that
    SUBNETPOOL_PREFIX and FIXED_RANGE are equivalent when setting
    SUBNETPOOL_PREFIX=FIXED_RANGE by default. Now we have a new value
    for the operator specify a chunk of addresses that are safe to
    use for private networks without implementation implications.
  * Backwards compatibility is maintained by alloing users to override
    override all of these values.
* The default for IPV4_ADDRS_SAFE_TO_USE uses /22 instead of /24
  * Because we want to be able to use subnetpools for auto allocated
    topologies and we want to be able to have a large chunk of
    instances on each network, we needed a little more breathing room
    in the default v4 network size.
* SUBNET_POOL_SIZE_V4 default is changed from 24 to 26
  * In conjuction with this change and the one above, the default
    subnetpool will support up to 16 64-address allocations.
  * This should be enough to cover any regular gate scenarios.
  * If someone wants a bigger/smaller subnet, they can ask for that
    in the API request, change this value themselves, or use a different
    network entirely.
* FIXED_RANGE_V6 defaults to a max prefix of /64 from IPV6_ADDRS_SAFE_TO_USE
  * This avoids the private subnet in the non-subnetpool case from being
    larger than /64 to avoid issues identified in rfc 7421.
  * Users can still explicitly set this value to whatever they want.
    This 'max' behavior is only for the default.
  * This allows IPV6_ADDRS_SAFE_TO_USE to default to a /56, which leaves
    tons of room for v6 subnetpools.

Closes-Bug: #1629133
Change-Id: I7b32804d47bec743c0b13e434e6a7958728896ea
diff --git a/doc/source/networking.rst b/doc/source/networking.rst
index 1d56c33..2301a2e 100644
--- a/doc/source/networking.rst
+++ b/doc/source/networking.rst
@@ -15,7 +15,8 @@
 * neutron (including l3 with openvswitch)
 * private project networks for each openstack project
 * a floating ip range of 172.24.4.0/24 with the gateway of 172.24.4.1
-* the demo project configured with fixed ips on 10.0.0.0/24
+* the demo project configured with fixed ips on a subnet allocated from
+  the 10.0.0.0/22 range
 * a ``br-ex`` interface controlled by neutron for all it's networking
   (this is not connected to any physical interfaces).
 * DNS resolution for guests based on the resolv.conf for you host
@@ -95,3 +96,21 @@
 your existing network, you'll want to give it a slice that your local
 dhcp server is not allocating. Otherwise you could easily have
 conflicting ip addresses, and cause havoc with your local network.
+
+
+Private Network Addressing
+==========================
+
+The private networks addresses are controlled by the ``IPV4_ADDRS_SAFE_TO_USE``
+and the ``IPV6_ADDRS_SAFE_TO_USE`` variables. This allows users to specify one
+single variable of safe internal IPs to use that will be referenced whether or
+not subnetpools are in use.
+
+For IPv4, ``FIXED_RANGE`` and ``SUBNETPOOL_PREFIX_V4`` will just default to
+the value of ``IPV4_ADDRS_SAFE_TO_USE`` directly.
+
+For IPv6, ``FIXED_RANGE`` will default to the first /64 of the value of
+``IPV6_ADDRS_SAFE_TO_USE``. If ``IPV6_ADDRS_SAFE_TO_USE`` is /64 or smaller,
+``FIXED_RANGE`` will just use the value of that directly.
+``SUBNETPOOL_PREFIX_V6`` will just default to the value of
+``IPV6_ADDRS_SAFE_TO_USE`` directly.