# lib/nova
# Functions to control the configuration and operation of the **Nova** service

# Dependencies:
#
# - ``functions`` file
# - ``DEST``, ``DATA_DIR``, ``STACK_USER`` must be defined
# - ``SERVICE_{TENANT_NAME|PASSWORD}`` must be defined
# - ``LIBVIRT_TYPE`` must be defined
# - ``INSTANCE_NAME_PREFIX``, ``VOLUME_NAME_PREFIX`` must be defined
# - ``KEYSTONE_TOKEN_FORMAT`` must be defined

# ``stack.sh`` calls the entry points in this order:
#
# - install_nova
# - configure_nova
# - create_nova_conf
# - init_nova
# - start_nova
# - stop_nova
# - cleanup_nova

# Save trace setting
XTRACE=$(set +o | grep xtrace)
set +o xtrace


# Defaults
# --------

# Set up default directories
NOVA_DIR=$DEST/nova
NOVACLIENT_DIR=$DEST/python-novaclient
NOVA_STATE_PATH=${NOVA_STATE_PATH:=$DATA_DIR/nova}
# INSTANCES_PATH is the previous name for this
NOVA_INSTANCES_PATH=${NOVA_INSTANCES_PATH:=${INSTANCES_PATH:=$NOVA_STATE_PATH/instances}}
NOVA_AUTH_CACHE_DIR=${NOVA_AUTH_CACHE_DIR:-/var/cache/nova}

NOVA_CONF_DIR=/etc/nova
NOVA_CONF=$NOVA_CONF_DIR/nova.conf
NOVA_CELLS_CONF=$NOVA_CONF_DIR/nova-cells.conf
NOVA_CELLS_DB=${NOVA_CELLS_DB:-nova_cell}

NOVA_API_PASTE_INI=${NOVA_API_PASTE_INI:-$NOVA_CONF_DIR/api-paste.ini}

# Public facing bits
NOVA_SERVICE_HOST=${NOVA_SERVICE_HOST:-$SERVICE_HOST}
NOVA_SERVICE_PORT=${NOVA_SERVICE_PORT:-8774}
NOVA_SERVICE_PORT_INT=${NOVA_SERVICE_PORT_INT:-18774}
NOVA_SERVICE_PROTOCOL=${NOVA_SERVICE_PROTOCOL:-$SERVICE_PROTOCOL}

# Support entry points installation of console scripts
if [[ -d $NOVA_DIR/bin ]]; then
    NOVA_BIN_DIR=$NOVA_DIR/bin
else
    NOVA_BIN_DIR=$(get_python_exec_prefix)
fi

# Set the paths of certain binaries
NOVA_ROOTWRAP=$(get_rootwrap_location nova)

# Allow rate limiting to be turned off for testing, like for Tempest
# NOTE: Set API_RATE_LIMIT="False" to turn OFF rate limiting
API_RATE_LIMIT=${API_RATE_LIMIT:-"True"}

# Option to enable/disable config drive
# NOTE: Set FORCE_CONFIG_DRIVE="False" to turn OFF config drive
FORCE_CONFIG_DRIVE=${FORCE_CONFIG_DRIVE:-"always"}

# Nova supports pluggable schedulers.  The default ``FilterScheduler``
# should work in most cases.
SCHEDULER=${SCHEDULER:-nova.scheduler.filter_scheduler.FilterScheduler}

QEMU_CONF=/etc/libvirt/qemu.conf

# Set default defaults here as some hypervisor drivers override these
PUBLIC_INTERFACE_DEFAULT=br100
GUEST_INTERFACE_DEFAULT=eth0
FLAT_NETWORK_BRIDGE_DEFAULT=br100

# Get hypervisor configuration
# ----------------------------

NOVA_PLUGINS=$TOP_DIR/lib/nova_plugins
if is_service_enabled nova && [[ -r $NOVA_PLUGINS/hypervisor-$VIRT_DRIVER ]]; then
    # Load plugin
    source $NOVA_PLUGINS/hypervisor-$VIRT_DRIVER
fi


# Nova Network Configuration
# --------------------------

NETWORK_MANAGER=${NETWORK_MANAGER:-${NET_MAN:-FlatDHCPManager}}
PUBLIC_INTERFACE=${PUBLIC_INTERFACE:-$PUBLIC_INTERFACE_DEFAULT}
VLAN_INTERFACE=${VLAN_INTERFACE:-$GUEST_INTERFACE_DEFAULT}
FLAT_NETWORK_BRIDGE=${FLAT_NETWORK_BRIDGE:-$FLAT_NETWORK_BRIDGE_DEFAULT}
EC2_DMZ_HOST=${EC2_DMZ_HOST:-$SERVICE_HOST}

# If you are using the FlatDHCP network mode on multiple hosts, set the
# ``FLAT_INTERFACE`` variable but make sure that the interface doesn't already
# have an IP or you risk breaking things.
#
# **DHCP Warning**:  If your flat interface device uses DHCP, there will be a
# hiccup while the network is moved from the flat interface to the flat network
# bridge.  This will happen when you launch your first instance.  Upon launch
# you will lose all connectivity to the node, and the VM launch will probably
# fail.
#
# If you are running on a single node and don't need to access the VMs from
# devices other than that node, you can set ``FLAT_INTERFACE=``
# This will stop nova from bridging any interfaces into ``FLAT_NETWORK_BRIDGE``.
FLAT_INTERFACE=${FLAT_INTERFACE:-$GUEST_INTERFACE_DEFAULT}

# ``MULTI_HOST`` is a mode where each compute node runs its own network node.  This
# allows network operations and routing for a VM to occur on the server that is
# running the VM - removing a SPOF and bandwidth bottleneck.
MULTI_HOST=`trueorfalse False $MULTI_HOST`

# Test floating pool and range are used for testing.  They are defined
# here until the admin APIs can replace nova-manage
TEST_FLOATING_POOL=${TEST_FLOATING_POOL:-test}
TEST_FLOATING_RANGE=${TEST_FLOATING_RANGE:-192.168.253.0/29}

# Tell Tempest this project is present
TEMPEST_SERVICES+=,nova


# Functions
# ---------

# Test if any Nova services are enabled
# is_nova_enabled
function is_nova_enabled {
    [[ ,${ENABLED_SERVICES} =~ ,"n-" ]] && return 0
    return 1
}

# Test if any Nova Cell services are enabled
# is_nova_enabled
function is_n-cell_enabled {
    [[ ,${ENABLED_SERVICES} =~ ,"n-cell-" ]] && return 0
    return 1
}

# Helper to clean iptables rules
function clean_iptables {
    # Delete rules
    sudo iptables -S -v | sed "s/-c [0-9]* [0-9]* //g" | grep "nova" | grep "\-A" |  sed "s/-A/-D/g" | awk '{print "sudo iptables",$0}' | bash
    # Delete nat rules
    sudo iptables -S -v -t nat | sed "s/-c [0-9]* [0-9]* //g" | grep "nova" |  grep "\-A" | sed "s/-A/-D/g" | awk '{print "sudo iptables -t nat",$0}' | bash
    # Delete chains
    sudo iptables -S -v | sed "s/-c [0-9]* [0-9]* //g" | grep "nova" | grep "\-N" |  sed "s/-N/-X/g" | awk '{print "sudo iptables",$0}' | bash
    # Delete nat chains
    sudo iptables -S -v -t nat | sed "s/-c [0-9]* [0-9]* //g" | grep "nova" |  grep "\-N" | sed "s/-N/-X/g" | awk '{print "sudo iptables -t nat",$0}' | bash
}

# cleanup_nova() - Remove residual data files, anything left over from previous
# runs that a clean run would need to clean up
function cleanup_nova {
    if is_service_enabled n-cpu; then
        # Clean iptables from previous runs
        clean_iptables

        # Destroy old instances
        instances=`sudo virsh list --all | grep $INSTANCE_NAME_PREFIX | sed "s/.*\($INSTANCE_NAME_PREFIX[0-9a-fA-F]*\).*/\1/g"`
        if [ ! "$instances" = "" ]; then
            echo $instances | xargs -n1 sudo virsh destroy || true
            echo $instances | xargs -n1 sudo virsh undefine --managed-save || true
        fi

        # Logout and delete iscsi sessions
        tgts=$(sudo iscsiadm --mode node | grep $VOLUME_NAME_PREFIX | cut -d ' ' -f2)
        for target in $tgts; do
            sudo iscsiadm --mode node -T $target --logout || true
        done
        sudo iscsiadm --mode node --op delete || true

        # Clean out the instances directory.
        sudo rm -rf $NOVA_INSTANCES_PATH/*
    fi

    sudo rm -rf $NOVA_STATE_PATH $NOVA_AUTH_CACHE_DIR

    # NOTE(dtroyer): This really should be called from here but due to the way
    #                nova abuses the _cleanup() function we're moving it
    #                directly into cleanup.sh until this can be fixed.
    #if is_service_enabled n-cpu && [[ -r $NOVA_PLUGINS/hypervisor-$VIRT_DRIVER ]]; then
    #    cleanup_nova_hypervisor
    #fi
}

# configure_nova_rootwrap() - configure Nova's rootwrap
function configure_nova_rootwrap {
    # Deploy new rootwrap filters files (owned by root).
    # Wipe any existing rootwrap.d files first
    if [[ -d $NOVA_CONF_DIR/rootwrap.d ]]; then
        sudo rm -rf $NOVA_CONF_DIR/rootwrap.d
    fi
    # Deploy filters to /etc/nova/rootwrap.d
    sudo mkdir -m 755 $NOVA_CONF_DIR/rootwrap.d
    sudo cp $NOVA_DIR/etc/nova/rootwrap.d/*.filters $NOVA_CONF_DIR/rootwrap.d
    sudo chown -R root:root $NOVA_CONF_DIR/rootwrap.d
    sudo chmod 644 $NOVA_CONF_DIR/rootwrap.d/*
    # Set up rootwrap.conf, pointing to /etc/nova/rootwrap.d
    sudo cp $NOVA_DIR/etc/nova/rootwrap.conf $NOVA_CONF_DIR/
    sudo sed -e "s:^filters_path=.*$:filters_path=$NOVA_CONF_DIR/rootwrap.d:" -i $NOVA_CONF_DIR/rootwrap.conf
    sudo chown root:root $NOVA_CONF_DIR/rootwrap.conf
    sudo chmod 0644 $NOVA_CONF_DIR/rootwrap.conf
    # Specify rootwrap.conf as first parameter to nova-rootwrap
    ROOTWRAP_SUDOER_CMD="$NOVA_ROOTWRAP $NOVA_CONF_DIR/rootwrap.conf *"

    # Set up the rootwrap sudoers for nova
    TEMPFILE=`mktemp`
    echo "$STACK_USER ALL=(root) NOPASSWD: $ROOTWRAP_SUDOER_CMD" >$TEMPFILE
    chmod 0440 $TEMPFILE
    sudo chown root:root $TEMPFILE
    sudo mv $TEMPFILE /etc/sudoers.d/nova-rootwrap
}

# configure_nova() - Set config files, create data dirs, etc
function configure_nova {
    # Put config files in ``/etc/nova`` for everyone to find
    if [[ ! -d $NOVA_CONF_DIR ]]; then
        sudo mkdir -p $NOVA_CONF_DIR
    fi
    sudo chown $STACK_USER $NOVA_CONF_DIR

    cp -p $NOVA_DIR/etc/nova/policy.json $NOVA_CONF_DIR

    configure_nova_rootwrap

    if is_service_enabled n-api; then
        # Remove legacy paste config if present
        rm -f $NOVA_DIR/bin/nova-api-paste.ini

        # Get the sample configuration file in place
        cp $NOVA_DIR/etc/nova/api-paste.ini $NOVA_CONF_DIR

        # Comment out the keystone configs in Nova's api-paste.ini.
        # We are using nova.conf to configure this instead.
        inicomment $NOVA_API_PASTE_INI filter:authtoken auth_host
        inicomment $NOVA_API_PASTE_INI filter:authtoken auth_protocol
        inicomment $NOVA_API_PASTE_INI filter:authtoken admin_tenant_name
        inicomment $NOVA_API_PASTE_INI filter:authtoken cafile
        inicomment $NOVA_API_PASTE_INI filter:authtoken admin_user
        inicomment $NOVA_API_PASTE_INI filter:authtoken admin_password
        inicomment $NOVA_API_PASTE_INI filter:authtoken signing_dir
    fi

    if is_service_enabled n-cpu; then
        # Force IP forwarding on, just on case
        sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1

        if [[ "$VIRT_DRIVER" = 'libvirt' ]]; then
            # Check for kvm (hardware based virtualization).  If unable to initialize
            # kvm, we drop back to the slower emulation mode (qemu).  Note: many systems
            # come with hardware virtualization disabled in BIOS.
            if [[ "$LIBVIRT_TYPE" == "kvm" ]]; then
                sudo modprobe kvm || true
                if [ ! -e /dev/kvm ]; then
                    echo "WARNING: Switching to QEMU"
                    LIBVIRT_TYPE=qemu
                    if which selinuxenabled 2>&1 > /dev/null && selinuxenabled; then
                        # https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=753589
                        sudo setsebool virt_use_execmem on
                    fi
                fi
            fi

            # Install and configure **LXC** if specified.  LXC is another approach to
            # splitting a system into many smaller parts.  LXC uses cgroups and chroot
            # to simulate multiple systems.
            if [[ "$LIBVIRT_TYPE" == "lxc" ]]; then
                if is_ubuntu; then
                    if [[ ! "$DISTRO" > natty ]]; then
                        cgline="none /cgroup cgroup cpuacct,memory,devices,cpu,freezer,blkio 0 0"
                        sudo mkdir -p /cgroup
                        if ! grep -q cgroup /etc/fstab; then
                            echo "$cgline" | sudo tee -a /etc/fstab
                        fi
                        if ! mount -n | grep -q cgroup; then
                            sudo mount /cgroup
                        fi
                    fi
                fi
            fi
        fi

        # Instance Storage
        # ----------------

        # Nova stores each instance in its own directory.
        sudo mkdir -p $NOVA_INSTANCES_PATH
        sudo chown -R $STACK_USER $NOVA_INSTANCES_PATH

        # You can specify a different disk to be mounted and used for backing the
        # virtual machines.  If there is a partition labeled nova-instances we
        # mount it (ext filesystems can be labeled via e2label).
        if [ -L /dev/disk/by-label/nova-instances ]; then
            if ! mount -n | grep -q $NOVA_INSTANCES_PATH; then
                sudo mount -L nova-instances $NOVA_INSTANCES_PATH
                sudo chown -R $STACK_USER $NOVA_INSTANCES_PATH
            fi
        fi
    fi

    # Rebuild the config file from scratch
    create_nova_conf

    if is_service_enabled n-cpu && [[ -r $NOVA_PLUGINS/hypervisor-$VIRT_DRIVER ]]; then
        # Configure hypervisor plugin
        configure_nova_hypervisor
    fi
}

# create_nova_accounts() - Set up common required nova accounts

# Project              User         Roles
# ------------------------------------------------------------------
# SERVICE_TENANT_NAME  nova         admin
# SERVICE_TENANT_NAME  nova         ResellerAdmin (if Swift is enabled)

# Migrated from keystone_data.sh
create_nova_accounts() {

    SERVICE_TENANT=$(openstack project list | awk "/ $SERVICE_TENANT_NAME / { print \$2 }")
    ADMIN_ROLE=$(openstack role list | awk "/ admin / { print \$2 }")

    # Nova
    if [[ "$ENABLED_SERVICES" =~ "n-api" ]]; then
        NOVA_USER=$(openstack user create \
            nova \
            --password "$SERVICE_PASSWORD" \
            --project $SERVICE_TENANT \
            --email nova@example.com \
            | grep " id " | get_field 2)
        openstack role add \
            $ADMIN_ROLE \
            --project $SERVICE_TENANT \
            --user $NOVA_USER
        if [[ "$KEYSTONE_CATALOG_BACKEND" = 'sql' ]]; then
            NOVA_SERVICE=$(openstack service create \
                nova \
                --type=compute \
                --description="Nova Compute Service" \
                | grep " id " | get_field 2)
            openstack endpoint create \
                $NOVA_SERVICE \
                --region RegionOne \
                --publicurl "$NOVA_SERVICE_PROTOCOL://$NOVA_SERVICE_HOST:$NOVA_SERVICE_PORT/v2/\$(tenant_id)s" \
                --adminurl "$NOVA_SERVICE_PROTOCOL://$NOVA_SERVICE_HOST:$NOVA_SERVICE_PORT/v2/\$(tenant_id)s" \
                --internalurl "$NOVA_SERVICE_PROTOCOL://$NOVA_SERVICE_HOST:$NOVA_SERVICE_PORT/v2/\$(tenant_id)s"
            NOVA_V3_SERVICE=$(openstack service create \
                novav3 \
                --type=computev3 \
                --description="Nova Compute Service V3" \
                | grep " id " | get_field 2)
            openstack endpoint create \
                $NOVA_V3_SERVICE \
                --region RegionOne \
                --publicurl "$NOVA_SERVICE_PROTOCOL://$NOVA_SERVICE_HOST:$NOVA_SERVICE_PORT/v3" \
                --adminurl "$NOVA_SERVICE_PROTOCOL://$NOVA_SERVICE_HOST:$NOVA_SERVICE_PORT/v3" \
                --internalurl "$NOVA_SERVICE_PROTOCOL://$NOVA_SERVICE_HOST:$NOVA_SERVICE_PORT/v3"
        fi
    fi

    if is_service_enabled n-api; then
        # Swift
        if is_service_enabled swift; then
            # Nova needs ResellerAdmin role to download images when accessing
            # swift through the s3 api.
            openstack role add \
                --project $SERVICE_TENANT_NAME \
                --user nova \
                ResellerAdmin
        fi

        # EC2
        if [[ "$KEYSTONE_CATALOG_BACKEND" = "sql" ]]; then
            openstack service create \
                --type ec2 \
                --description "EC2 Compatibility Layer" \
                ec2
            openstack endpoint create \
                --region RegionOne \
                --publicurl "http://$SERVICE_HOST:8773/services/Cloud" \
                --adminurl "http://$SERVICE_HOST:8773/services/Admin" \
                --internalurl "http://$SERVICE_HOST:8773/services/Cloud" \
                ec2
        fi
    fi

    # S3
    if is_service_enabled n-obj swift3; then
        if [[ "$KEYSTONE_CATALOG_BACKEND" = 'sql' ]]; then
            openstack service create \
                --type s3 \
                --description "S3" \
                s3
            openstack endpoint create \
                --region RegionOne \
                --publicurl "http://$SERVICE_HOST:$S3_SERVICE_PORT" \
                --adminurl "http://$SERVICE_HOST:$S3_SERVICE_PORT" \
                --internalurl "http://$SERVICE_HOST:$S3_SERVICE_PORT" \
                s3
        fi
    fi
}

# create_nova_conf() - Create a new nova.conf file
function create_nova_conf {
    # Remove legacy ``nova.conf``
    rm -f $NOVA_DIR/bin/nova.conf

    # (Re)create ``nova.conf``
    rm -f $NOVA_CONF
    iniset $NOVA_CONF DEFAULT verbose "True"
    iniset $NOVA_CONF DEFAULT debug "$ENABLE_DEBUG_LOG_LEVEL"
    iniset $NOVA_CONF DEFAULT auth_strategy "keystone"
    iniset $NOVA_CONF DEFAULT allow_resize_to_same_host "True"
    iniset $NOVA_CONF DEFAULT api_paste_config "$NOVA_API_PASTE_INI"
    iniset $NOVA_CONF DEFAULT rootwrap_config "$NOVA_CONF_DIR/rootwrap.conf"
    iniset $NOVA_CONF DEFAULT scheduler_driver "$SCHEDULER"
    iniset $NOVA_CONF DEFAULT dhcpbridge_flagfile "$NOVA_CONF"
    iniset $NOVA_CONF DEFAULT force_dhcp_release "True"
    iniset $NOVA_CONF DEFAULT fixed_range ""
    iniset $NOVA_CONF DEFAULT default_floating_pool "$PUBLIC_NETWORK_NAME"
    iniset $NOVA_CONF DEFAULT s3_host "$SERVICE_HOST"
    iniset $NOVA_CONF DEFAULT s3_port "$S3_SERVICE_PORT"
    iniset $NOVA_CONF DEFAULT osapi_compute_extension "nova.api.openstack.compute.contrib.standard_extensions"
    iniset $NOVA_CONF DEFAULT my_ip "$HOST_IP"
    iniset $NOVA_CONF DEFAULT osapi_compute_workers "4"
    iniset $NOVA_CONF DEFAULT ec2_workers "4"
    iniset $NOVA_CONF DEFAULT metadata_workers "4"
    iniset $NOVA_CONF conductor workers "4"
    iniset $NOVA_CONF DEFAULT sql_connection `database_connection_url nova`
    iniset $NOVA_CONF DEFAULT instance_name_template "${INSTANCE_NAME_PREFIX}%08x"
    iniset $NOVA_CONF osapi_v3 enabled "True"

    if is_fedora; then
        # nova defaults to /usr/local/bin, but fedora pip likes to
        # install things in /usr/bin
        iniset $NOVA_CONF DEFAULT bindir "/usr/bin"
    fi

    if is_service_enabled n-api; then
        if is_service_enabled n-api-meta; then
            # If running n-api-meta as a separate service
            NOVA_ENABLED_APIS=$(echo $NOVA_ENABLED_APIS | sed "s/,metadata//")
        fi
        iniset $NOVA_CONF DEFAULT enabled_apis "$NOVA_ENABLED_APIS"
        if is_service_enabled tls-proxy; then
            # Set the service port for a proxy to take the original
            iniset $NOVA_CONF DEFAULT osapi_compute_listen_port "$NOVA_SERVICE_PORT_INT"
        fi

        # Add keystone authtoken configuration

        iniset $NOVA_CONF keystone_authtoken auth_host $KEYSTONE_AUTH_HOST
        iniset $NOVA_CONF keystone_authtoken auth_port $KEYSTONE_AUTH_PORT
        iniset $NOVA_CONF keystone_authtoken auth_protocol $KEYSTONE_AUTH_PROTOCOL
        iniset $NOVA_CONF keystone_authtoken admin_tenant_name $SERVICE_TENANT_NAME
        iniset $NOVA_CONF keystone_authtoken cafile $KEYSTONE_SSL_CA
        iniset $NOVA_CONF keystone_authtoken admin_user nova
        iniset $NOVA_CONF keystone_authtoken admin_password $SERVICE_PASSWORD
    fi

    iniset $NOVA_CONF keystone_authtoken signing_dir $NOVA_AUTH_CACHE_DIR

    if is_service_enabled cinder; then
        iniset $NOVA_CONF DEFAULT volume_api_class "nova.volume.cinder.API"
    fi
    if [ -n "$NOVA_STATE_PATH" ]; then
        iniset $NOVA_CONF DEFAULT state_path "$NOVA_STATE_PATH"
        iniset $NOVA_CONF DEFAULT lock_path "$NOVA_STATE_PATH"
    fi
    if [ -n "$NOVA_INSTANCES_PATH" ]; then
        iniset $NOVA_CONF DEFAULT instances_path "$NOVA_INSTANCES_PATH"
    fi
    if [ "$MULTI_HOST" != "False" ]; then
        iniset $NOVA_CONF DEFAULT multi_host "True"
        iniset $NOVA_CONF DEFAULT send_arp_for_ha "True"
    fi
    if [ "$SYSLOG" != "False" ]; then
        iniset $NOVA_CONF DEFAULT use_syslog "True"
    fi
    if [ "$API_RATE_LIMIT" != "True" ]; then
        iniset $NOVA_CONF DEFAULT api_rate_limit "False"
    fi
    if [ "$FORCE_CONFIG_DRIVE" != "False" ]; then
        iniset $NOVA_CONF DEFAULT force_config_drive "$FORCE_CONFIG_DRIVE"
    fi
    # Format logging
    if [ "$LOG_COLOR" == "True" ] && [ "$SYSLOG" == "False" ]; then
        setup_colorized_logging $NOVA_CONF DEFAULT
    else
        # Show user_name and project_name instead of user_id and project_id
        iniset $NOVA_CONF DEFAULT logging_context_format_string "%(asctime)s.%(msecs)03d %(levelname)s %(name)s [%(request_id)s %(user_name)s %(project_name)s] %(instance)s%(message)s"
    fi
    if is_service_enabled ceilometer; then
        iniset $NOVA_CONF DEFAULT instance_usage_audit "True"
        iniset $NOVA_CONF DEFAULT instance_usage_audit_period "hour"
        iniset $NOVA_CONF DEFAULT notify_on_state_change "vm_and_task_state"
        iniset $NOVA_CONF DEFAULT notification_driver "messaging"
    fi

    # Provide some transition from ``EXTRA_FLAGS`` to ``EXTRA_OPTS``
    if [[ -z "$EXTRA_OPTS" && -n "$EXTRA_FLAGS" ]]; then
        EXTRA_OPTS=$EXTRA_FLAGS
    fi

    # Define extra nova conf flags by defining the array ``EXTRA_OPTS``.
    # For Example: ``EXTRA_OPTS=(foo=true bar=2)``
    for I in "${EXTRA_OPTS[@]}"; do
        # Replace the first '=' with ' ' for iniset syntax
        iniset $NOVA_CONF DEFAULT ${I/=/ }
    done

    # All nova-compute workers need to know the vnc configuration options
    # These settings don't hurt anything if n-xvnc and n-novnc are disabled
    if is_service_enabled n-cpu; then
        NOVNCPROXY_URL=${NOVNCPROXY_URL:-"http://$SERVICE_HOST:6080/vnc_auto.html"}
        iniset $NOVA_CONF DEFAULT novncproxy_base_url "$NOVNCPROXY_URL"
        XVPVNCPROXY_URL=${XVPVNCPROXY_URL:-"http://$SERVICE_HOST:6081/console"}
        iniset $NOVA_CONF DEFAULT xvpvncproxy_base_url "$XVPVNCPROXY_URL"
        SPICEHTML5PROXY_URL=${SPICEHTML5PROXY_URL:-"http://$SERVICE_HOST:6082/spice_auto.html"}
        iniset $NOVA_CONF spice html5proxy_base_url "$SPICEHTML5PROXY_URL"
    fi

    if is_service_enabled n-novnc || is_service_enabled n-xvnc; then
        # Address on which instance vncservers will listen on compute hosts.
        # For multi-host, this should be the management ip of the compute host.
        VNCSERVER_LISTEN=${VNCSERVER_LISTEN=127.0.0.1}
        VNCSERVER_PROXYCLIENT_ADDRESS=${VNCSERVER_PROXYCLIENT_ADDRESS=127.0.0.1}
        iniset $NOVA_CONF DEFAULT vnc_enabled true
        iniset $NOVA_CONF DEFAULT vncserver_listen "$VNCSERVER_LISTEN"
        iniset $NOVA_CONF DEFAULT vncserver_proxyclient_address "$VNCSERVER_PROXYCLIENT_ADDRESS"
    else
        iniset $NOVA_CONF DEFAULT vnc_enabled false
    fi

    if is_service_enabled n-spice; then
        # Address on which instance spiceservers will listen on compute hosts.
        # For multi-host, this should be the management ip of the compute host.
        SPICESERVER_PROXYCLIENT_ADDRESS=${SPICESERVER_PROXYCLIENT_ADDRESS=127.0.0.1}
        SPICESERVER_LISTEN=${SPICESERVER_LISTEN=127.0.0.1}
        iniset $NOVA_CONF spice enabled true
        iniset $NOVA_CONF spice server_listen "$SPICESERVER_LISTEN"
        iniset $NOVA_CONF spice server_proxyclient_address "$SPICESERVER_PROXYCLIENT_ADDRESS"
    else
        iniset $NOVA_CONF spice enabled false
    fi

    iniset $NOVA_CONF DEFAULT ec2_dmz_host "$EC2_DMZ_HOST"
    iniset_rpc_backend nova $NOVA_CONF DEFAULT
    iniset $NOVA_CONF DEFAULT glance_api_servers "$GLANCE_HOSTPORT"
}

function init_nova_cells {
    if is_service_enabled n-cell; then
        cp $NOVA_CONF $NOVA_CELLS_CONF
        iniset $NOVA_CELLS_CONF DEFAULT sql_connection `database_connection_url $NOVA_CELLS_DB`
        iniset $NOVA_CELLS_CONF DEFAULT rabbit_virtual_host child_cell
        iniset $NOVA_CELLS_CONF DEFAULT dhcpbridge_flagfile $NOVA_CELLS_CONF
        iniset $NOVA_CELLS_CONF cells enable True
        iniset $NOVA_CELLS_CONF cells cell_type compute
        iniset $NOVA_CELLS_CONF cells name child

        iniset $NOVA_CONF cells enable True
        iniset $NOVA_CONF cells cell_type api
        iniset $NOVA_CONF cells name region

        if is_service_enabled n-api-meta; then
            NOVA_ENABLED_APIS=$(echo $NOVA_ENABLED_APIS | sed "s/,metadata//")
            iniset $NOVA_CONF DEFAULT enabled_apis $NOVA_ENABLED_APIS
            iniset $NOVA_CELLS_CONF DEFAULT enabled_apis metadata
        fi

        $NOVA_BIN_DIR/nova-manage --config-file $NOVA_CELLS_CONF db sync
        $NOVA_BIN_DIR/nova-manage --config-file $NOVA_CELLS_CONF cell create --name=region --cell_type=parent --username=guest --hostname=$RABBIT_HOST --port=5672 --password=$RABBIT_PASSWORD --virtual_host=/ --woffset=0 --wscale=1
        $NOVA_BIN_DIR/nova-manage cell create --name=child --cell_type=child --username=guest --hostname=$RABBIT_HOST --port=5672 --password=$RABBIT_PASSWORD --virtual_host=child_cell --woffset=0 --wscale=1
    fi
}

# create_nova_cache_dir() - Part of the init_nova() process
function create_nova_cache_dir {
    # Create cache dir
    sudo mkdir -p $NOVA_AUTH_CACHE_DIR
    sudo chown $STACK_USER $NOVA_AUTH_CACHE_DIR
    rm -f $NOVA_AUTH_CACHE_DIR/*
}

function create_nova_conf_nova_network {
    iniset $NOVA_CONF DEFAULT network_manager "nova.network.manager.$NETWORK_MANAGER"
    iniset $NOVA_CONF DEFAULT public_interface "$PUBLIC_INTERFACE"
    iniset $NOVA_CONF DEFAULT vlan_interface "$VLAN_INTERFACE"
    iniset $NOVA_CONF DEFAULT flat_network_bridge "$FLAT_NETWORK_BRIDGE"
    if [ -n "$FLAT_INTERFACE" ]; then
        iniset $NOVA_CONF DEFAULT flat_interface "$FLAT_INTERFACE"
    fi
}

# create_nova_keys_dir() - Part of the init_nova() process
function create_nova_keys_dir {
    # Create keys dir
    sudo mkdir -p ${NOVA_STATE_PATH}/keys
    sudo chown -R $STACK_USER ${NOVA_STATE_PATH}
}

# init_nova() - Initialize databases, etc.
function init_nova {
    # All nova components talk to a central database.
    # Only do this step once on the API node for an entire cluster.
    if is_service_enabled $DATABASE_BACKENDS && is_service_enabled n-api; then
        # (Re)create nova database
        # Explicitly use latin1: to avoid lp#829209, nova expects the database to
        # use latin1 by default, and then upgrades the database to utf8 (see the
        # 082_essex.py in nova)
        recreate_database nova latin1

        # Migrate nova database
        $NOVA_BIN_DIR/nova-manage db sync

        if is_service_enabled n-cell; then
            recreate_database $NOVA_CELLS_DB latin1
        fi

        # (Re)create nova baremetal database
        if is_baremetal; then
            recreate_database nova_bm latin1
            $NOVA_BIN_DIR/nova-baremetal-manage db sync
        fi
    fi

    create_nova_cache_dir
    create_nova_keys_dir
}

# install_novaclient() - Collect source and prepare
function install_novaclient {
    git_clone $NOVACLIENT_REPO $NOVACLIENT_DIR $NOVACLIENT_BRANCH
    setup_develop $NOVACLIENT_DIR
    sudo install -D -m 0644 -o $STACK_USER {$NOVACLIENT_DIR/tools/,/etc/bash_completion.d/}nova.bash_completion
}

# install_nova() - Collect source and prepare
function install_nova {
    if is_service_enabled n-cpu && [[ -r $NOVA_PLUGINS/hypervisor-$VIRT_DRIVER ]]; then
        install_nova_hypervisor
    fi

    if is_service_enabled n-novnc; then
        # a websockets/html5 or flash powered VNC console for vm instances
        NOVNC_FROM_PACKAGE=`trueorfalse False $NOVNC_FROM_PACKAGE`
        if [ "$NOVNC_FROM_PACKAGE" = "True" ]; then
            NOVNC_WEB_DIR=/usr/share/novnc
            install_package novnc
        else
            NOVNC_WEB_DIR=$DEST/noVNC
            git_clone $NOVNC_REPO $NOVNC_WEB_DIR $NOVNC_BRANCH
        fi
    fi

    if is_service_enabled n-spice; then
        # a websockets/html5 or flash powered SPICE console for vm instances
        SPICE_FROM_PACKAGE=`trueorfalse True $SPICE_FROM_PACKAGE`
        if [ "$SPICE_FROM_PACKAGE" = "True" ]; then
            SPICE_WEB_DIR=/usr/share/spice-html5
            install_package spice-html5
        else
            SPICE_WEB_DIR=$DEST/spice-html5
            git_clone $SPICE_REPO $SPICE_WEB_DIR $SPICE_BRANCH
        fi
    fi

    git_clone $NOVA_REPO $NOVA_DIR $NOVA_BRANCH
    setup_develop $NOVA_DIR
    sudo install -D -m 0644 -o $STACK_USER {$NOVA_DIR/tools/,/etc/bash_completion.d/}nova-manage.bash_completion
}

# start_nova_api() - Start the API process ahead of other things
function start_nova_api {
    # Get right service port for testing
    local service_port=$NOVA_SERVICE_PORT
    if is_service_enabled tls-proxy; then
        service_port=$NOVA_SERVICE_PORT_INT
    fi

    screen_it n-api "cd $NOVA_DIR && $NOVA_BIN_DIR/nova-api"
    echo "Waiting for nova-api to start..."
    if ! wait_for_service $SERVICE_TIMEOUT http://$SERVICE_HOST:$service_port; then
        die $LINENO "nova-api did not start"
    fi

    # Start proxies if enabled
    if is_service_enabled tls-proxy; then
        start_tls_proxy '*' $NOVA_SERVICE_PORT $NOVA_SERVICE_HOST $NOVA_SERVICE_PORT_INT &
    fi
}

# start_nova_compute() - Start the compute process
function start_nova_compute {
    if is_service_enabled n-cell; then
        local compute_cell_conf=$NOVA_CELLS_CONF
    else
        local compute_cell_conf=$NOVA_CONF
    fi

    if [[ "$VIRT_DRIVER" = 'libvirt' ]]; then
        # The group **$LIBVIRT_GROUP** is added to the current user in this script.
        # Use 'sg' to execute nova-compute as a member of the **$LIBVIRT_GROUP** group.
        screen_it n-cpu "cd $NOVA_DIR && sg $LIBVIRT_GROUP '$NOVA_BIN_DIR/nova-compute --config-file $compute_cell_conf'"
    elif [[ "$VIRT_DRIVER" = 'fake' ]]; then
        for i in `seq 1 $NUMBER_FAKE_NOVA_COMPUTE`; do
            screen_it n-cpu "cd $NOVA_DIR && $NOVA_BIN_DIR/nova-compute --config-file $compute_cell_conf --config-file <(echo -e '[DEFAULT]\nhost=${HOSTNAME}${i}')"
        done
    else
        if is_service_enabled n-cpu && [[ -r $NOVA_PLUGINS/hypervisor-$VIRT_DRIVER ]]; then
            start_nova_hypervisor
        fi
        screen_it n-cpu "cd $NOVA_DIR && $NOVA_BIN_DIR/nova-compute --config-file $compute_cell_conf"
    fi
}

# start_nova() - Start running processes, including screen
function start_nova_rest {
    local api_cell_conf=$NOVA_CONF
    if is_service_enabled n-cell; then
        local compute_cell_conf=$NOVA_CELLS_CONF
    else
        local compute_cell_conf=$NOVA_CONF
    fi

    # ``screen_it`` checks ``is_service_enabled``, it is not needed here
    screen_it n-cond "cd $NOVA_DIR && $NOVA_BIN_DIR/nova-conductor --config-file $compute_cell_conf"
    screen_it n-cell-region "cd $NOVA_DIR && $NOVA_BIN_DIR/nova-cells --config-file $api_cell_conf"
    screen_it n-cell-child "cd $NOVA_DIR && $NOVA_BIN_DIR/nova-cells --config-file $compute_cell_conf"

    screen_it n-crt "cd $NOVA_DIR && $NOVA_BIN_DIR/nova-cert --config-file $api_cell_conf"
    screen_it n-net "cd $NOVA_DIR && $NOVA_BIN_DIR/nova-network --config-file $compute_cell_conf"
    screen_it n-sch "cd $NOVA_DIR && $NOVA_BIN_DIR/nova-scheduler --config-file $compute_cell_conf"
    screen_it n-api-meta "cd $NOVA_DIR && $NOVA_BIN_DIR/nova-api-metadata --config-file $compute_cell_conf"

    screen_it n-novnc "cd $NOVA_DIR && $NOVA_BIN_DIR/nova-novncproxy --config-file $api_cell_conf --web $NOVNC_WEB_DIR"
    screen_it n-xvnc "cd $NOVA_DIR && $NOVA_BIN_DIR/nova-xvpvncproxy --config-file $api_cell_conf"
    screen_it n-spice "cd $NOVA_DIR && $NOVA_BIN_DIR/nova-spicehtml5proxy --config-file $api_cell_conf --web $SPICE_WEB_DIR"
    screen_it n-cauth "cd $NOVA_DIR && $NOVA_BIN_DIR/nova-consoleauth --config-file $api_cell_conf"

    # Starting the nova-objectstore only if swift3 service is not enabled.
    # Swift will act as s3 objectstore.
    is_service_enabled swift3 || \
        screen_it n-obj "cd $NOVA_DIR && $NOVA_BIN_DIR/nova-objectstore --config-file $api_cell_conf"
}

function start_nova {
    start_nova_compute
    start_nova_rest
}

function stop_nova_compute {
    screen_stop n-cpu
    if is_service_enabled n-cpu && [[ -r $NOVA_PLUGINS/hypervisor-$VIRT_DRIVER ]]; then
        stop_nova_hypervisor
    fi
}

function stop_nova_rest {
    # Kill the nova screen windows
    # Some services are listed here twice since more than one instance
    # of a service may be running in certain configs.
    for serv in n-api n-crt n-net n-sch n-novnc n-xvnc n-cauth n-spice n-cond n-cell n-cell n-api-meta n-obj; do
        screen_stop $serv
    done
}

# stop_nova() - Stop running processes (non-screen)
function stop_nova {
    stop_nova_rest
    stop_nova_compute
}


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