| ====================================== |
| Using DevStack with neutron Networking |
| ====================================== |
| |
| This guide will walk you through using OpenStack neutron with the ML2 |
| plugin and the Open vSwitch mechanism driver. |
| |
| |
| .. _single-interface-ovs: |
| |
| Using Neutron with a Single Interface |
| ===================================== |
| |
| In some instances, like on a developer laptop, there is only one |
| network interface that is available. In this scenario, the physical |
| interface is added to the Open vSwitch bridge, and the IP address of |
| the laptop is migrated onto the bridge interface. That way, the |
| physical interface can be used to transmit self service project |
| network traffic, the OpenStack API traffic, and management traffic. |
| |
| |
| .. warning:: |
| |
| When using a single interface networking setup, there will be a |
| temporary network outage as your IP address is moved from the |
| physical NIC of your machine, to the OVS bridge. If you are SSH'd |
| into the machine from another computer, there is a risk of being |
| disconnected from your ssh session (due to arp cache |
| invalidation), which would stop the stack.sh or leave it in an |
| unfinished state. In these cases, start stack.sh inside its own |
| screen session so it can continue to run. |
| |
| |
| Physical Network Setup |
| ---------------------- |
| |
| In most cases where DevStack is being deployed with a single |
| interface, there is a hardware router that is being used for external |
| connectivity and DHCP. The developer machine is connected to this |
| network and is on a shared subnet with other machines. The |
| `local.conf` exhibited here assumes that 1500 is a reasonable MTU to |
| use on that network. |
| |
| .. nwdiag:: |
| |
| nwdiag { |
| inet [ shape = cloud ]; |
| router; |
| inet -- router; |
| |
| network hardware_network { |
| address = "172.18.161.0/24" |
| router [ address = "172.18.161.1" ]; |
| devstack-1 [ address = "172.18.161.6" ]; |
| } |
| } |
| |
| |
| DevStack Configuration |
| ---------------------- |
| |
| The following is a complete `local.conf` for the host named |
| `devstack-1`. It will run all the API and services, as well as |
| serving as a hypervisor for guest instances. |
| |
| :: |
| |
| [[local|localrc]] |
| HOST_IP=172.18.161.6 |
| SERVICE_HOST=172.18.161.6 |
| MYSQL_HOST=172.18.161.6 |
| RABBIT_HOST=172.18.161.6 |
| GLANCE_HOSTPORT=172.18.161.6:9292 |
| ADMIN_PASSWORD=secret |
| DATABASE_PASSWORD=secret |
| RABBIT_PASSWORD=secret |
| SERVICE_PASSWORD=secret |
| |
| ## Neutron options |
| Q_USE_SECGROUP=True |
| FLOATING_RANGE="172.18.161.0/24" |
| FIXED_RANGE="10.0.0.0/24" |
| Q_FLOATING_ALLOCATION_POOL=start=172.18.161.250,end=172.18.161.254 |
| PUBLIC_NETWORK_GATEWAY="172.18.161.1" |
| PUBLIC_INTERFACE=eth0 |
| |
| # Open vSwitch provider networking configuration |
| Q_USE_PROVIDERNET_FOR_PUBLIC=True |
| OVS_PHYSICAL_BRIDGE=br-ex |
| PUBLIC_BRIDGE=br-ex |
| OVS_BRIDGE_MAPPINGS=public:br-ex |
| |
| |
| Adding Additional Compute Nodes |
| ------------------------------- |
| |
| Let's suppose that after installing DevStack on the first host, you |
| also want to do multinode testing and networking. |
| |
| Physical Network Setup |
| ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
| |
| .. nwdiag:: |
| |
| nwdiag { |
| inet [ shape = cloud ]; |
| router; |
| inet -- router; |
| |
| network hardware_network { |
| address = "172.18.161.0/24" |
| router [ address = "172.18.161.1" ]; |
| devstack-1 [ address = "172.18.161.6" ]; |
| devstack-2 [ address = "172.18.161.7" ]; |
| } |
| } |
| |
| |
| After DevStack installs and configures Neutron, traffic from guest VMs |
| flows out of `devstack-2` (the compute node) and is encapsulated in a |
| VXLAN tunnel back to `devstack-1` (the control node) where the L3 |
| agent is running. |
| |
| :: |
| |
| stack@devstack-2:~/devstack$ sudo ovs-vsctl show |
| 8992d965-0ba0-42fd-90e9-20ecc528bc29 |
| Bridge br-int |
| fail_mode: secure |
| Port br-int |
| Interface br-int |
| type: internal |
| Port patch-tun |
| Interface patch-tun |
| type: patch |
| options: {peer=patch-int} |
| Bridge br-tun |
| fail_mode: secure |
| Port "vxlan-c0a801f6" |
| Interface "vxlan-c0a801f6" |
| type: vxlan |
| options: {df_default="true", in_key=flow, local_ip="172.18.161.7", out_key=flow, remote_ip="172.18.161.6"} |
| Port patch-int |
| Interface patch-int |
| type: patch |
| options: {peer=patch-tun} |
| Port br-tun |
| Interface br-tun |
| type: internal |
| ovs_version: "2.0.2" |
| |
| Open vSwitch on the control node, where the L3 agent runs, is |
| configured to de-encapsulate traffic from compute nodes, then forward |
| it over the `br-ex` bridge, where `eth0` is attached. |
| |
| :: |
| |
| stack@devstack-1:~/devstack$ sudo ovs-vsctl show |
| 422adeea-48d1-4a1f-98b1-8e7239077964 |
| Bridge br-tun |
| fail_mode: secure |
| Port br-tun |
| Interface br-tun |
| type: internal |
| Port patch-int |
| Interface patch-int |
| type: patch |
| options: {peer=patch-tun} |
| Port "vxlan-c0a801d8" |
| Interface "vxlan-c0a801d8" |
| type: vxlan |
| options: {df_default="true", in_key=flow, local_ip="172.18.161.6", out_key=flow, remote_ip="172.18.161.7"} |
| Bridge br-ex |
| Port phy-br-ex |
| Interface phy-br-ex |
| type: patch |
| options: {peer=int-br-ex} |
| Port "eth0" |
| Interface "eth0" |
| Port br-ex |
| Interface br-ex |
| type: internal |
| Bridge br-int |
| fail_mode: secure |
| Port "tapce66332d-ea" |
| tag: 1 |
| Interface "tapce66332d-ea" |
| type: internal |
| Port "qg-65e5a4b9-15" |
| tag: 2 |
| Interface "qg-65e5a4b9-15" |
| type: internal |
| Port "qr-33e5e471-88" |
| tag: 1 |
| Interface "qr-33e5e471-88" |
| type: internal |
| Port "qr-acbe9951-70" |
| tag: 1 |
| Interface "qr-acbe9951-70" |
| type: internal |
| Port br-int |
| Interface br-int |
| type: internal |
| Port patch-tun |
| Interface patch-tun |
| type: patch |
| options: {peer=patch-int} |
| Port int-br-ex |
| Interface int-br-ex |
| type: patch |
| options: {peer=phy-br-ex} |
| ovs_version: "2.0.2" |
| |
| `br-int` is a bridge that the Open vSwitch mechanism driver creates, |
| which is used as the "integration bridge" where ports are created, and |
| plugged into the virtual switching fabric. `br-ex` is an OVS bridge |
| that is used to connect physical ports (like `eth0`), so that floating |
| IP traffic for project networks can be received from the physical |
| network infrastructure (and the internet), and routed to self service |
| project network ports. `br-tun` is a tunnel bridge that is used to |
| connect OpenStack nodes (like `devstack-2`) together. This bridge is |
| used so that project network traffic, using the VXLAN tunneling |
| protocol, flows between each compute node where project instances run. |
| |
| |
| |
| DevStack Compute Configuration |
| ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
| |
| The host `devstack-2` has a very minimal `local.conf`. |
| |
| :: |
| |
| [[local|localrc]] |
| HOST_IP=172.18.161.7 |
| SERVICE_HOST=172.18.161.6 |
| MYSQL_HOST=172.18.161.6 |
| RABBIT_HOST=172.18.161.6 |
| GLANCE_HOSTPORT=172.18.161.6:9292 |
| ADMIN_PASSWORD=secret |
| MYSQL_PASSWORD=secret |
| RABBIT_PASSWORD=secret |
| SERVICE_PASSWORD=secret |
| |
| ## Neutron options |
| PUBLIC_INTERFACE=eth0 |
| ENABLED_SERVICES=n-cpu,rabbit,q-agt |
| |
| Network traffic from `eth0` on the compute nodes is then NAT'd by the |
| controller node that runs Neutron's `neutron-l3-agent` and provides L3 |
| connectivity. |
| |
| |
| Neutron Networking with Open vSwitch and Provider Networks |
| ========================================================== |
| |
| In some instances, it is desirable to use neutron's provider |
| networking extension, so that networks that are configured on an |
| external router can be utilized by neutron, and instances created via |
| Nova can attach to the network managed by the external router. |
| |
| For example, in some lab environments, a hardware router has been |
| pre-configured by another party, and an OpenStack developer has been |
| given a VLAN tag and IP address range, so that instances created via |
| DevStack will use the external router for L3 connectivity, as opposed |
| to the neutron L3 service. |
| |
| Physical Network Setup |
| ---------------------- |
| |
| .. nwdiag:: |
| |
| nwdiag { |
| inet [ shape = cloud ]; |
| router; |
| inet -- router; |
| |
| network provider_net { |
| address = "203.0.113.0/24" |
| router [ address = "203.0.113.1" ]; |
| controller; |
| compute1; |
| compute2; |
| } |
| |
| network control_plane { |
| router [ address = "10.0.0.1" ] |
| address = "10.0.0.0/24" |
| controller [ address = "10.0.0.2" ] |
| compute1 [ address = "10.0.0.3" ] |
| compute2 [ address = "10.0.0.4" ] |
| } |
| } |
| |
| |
| On a compute node, the first interface, eth0 is used for the OpenStack |
| management (API, message bus, etc) as well as for ssh for an |
| administrator to access the machine. |
| |
| :: |
| |
| stack@compute:~$ ifconfig eth0 |
| eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr bc:16:65:20:af:fc |
| inet addr:10.0.0.3 |
| |
| eth1 is manually configured at boot to not have an IP address. |
| Consult your operating system documentation for the appropriate |
| technique. For Ubuntu, the contents of `/etc/network/interfaces` |
| contains: |
| |
| :: |
| |
| auto eth1 |
| iface eth1 inet manual |
| up ifconfig $IFACE 0.0.0.0 up |
| down ifconfig $IFACE 0.0.0.0 down |
| |
| The second physical interface, eth1 is added to a bridge (in this case |
| named br-ex), which is used to forward network traffic from guest VMs. |
| |
| :: |
| |
| stack@compute:~$ sudo ovs-vsctl add-br br-ex |
| stack@compute:~$ sudo ovs-vsctl add-port br-ex eth1 |
| stack@compute:~$ sudo ovs-vsctl show |
| 9a25c837-32ab-45f6-b9f2-1dd888abcf0f |
| Bridge br-ex |
| Port br-ex |
| Interface br-ex |
| type: internal |
| Port phy-br-ex |
| Interface phy-br-ex |
| type: patch |
| options: {peer=int-br-ex} |
| Port "eth1" |
| Interface "eth1" |
| |
| |
| Service Configuration |
| --------------------- |
| |
| **Control Node** |
| |
| In this example, the control node will run the majority of the |
| OpenStack API and management services (keystone, glance, |
| nova, neutron) |
| |
| |
| **Compute Nodes** |
| |
| In this example, the nodes that will host guest instances will run |
| the ``neutron-openvswitch-agent`` for network connectivity, as well as |
| the compute service ``nova-compute``. |
| |
| DevStack Configuration |
| ---------------------- |
| |
| .. _ovs-provider-network-controller: |
| |
| The following is a snippet of the DevStack configuration on the |
| controller node. |
| |
| :: |
| |
| HOST_IP=10.0.0.2 |
| SERVICE_HOST=10.0.0.2 |
| MYSQL_HOST=10.0.0.2 |
| RABBIT_HOST=10.0.0.2 |
| GLANCE_HOSTPORT=10.0.0.2:9292 |
| PUBLIC_INTERFACE=eth1 |
| |
| ADMIN_PASSWORD=secret |
| MYSQL_PASSWORD=secret |
| RABBIT_PASSWORD=secret |
| SERVICE_PASSWORD=secret |
| |
| ## Neutron options |
| Q_USE_SECGROUP=True |
| ENABLE_PROJECT_VLANS=True |
| PROJECT_VLAN_RANGE=3001:4000 |
| PHYSICAL_NETWORK=default |
| OVS_PHYSICAL_BRIDGE=br-ex |
| |
| Q_USE_PROVIDER_NETWORKING=True |
| |
| disable_service q-l3 |
| |
| ## Neutron Networking options used to create Neutron Subnets |
| |
| FIXED_RANGE="203.0.113.0/24" |
| NETWORK_GATEWAY=203.0.113.1 |
| PROVIDER_SUBNET_NAME="provider_net" |
| PROVIDER_NETWORK_TYPE="vlan" |
| SEGMENTATION_ID=2010 |
| USE_SUBNETPOOL=False |
| |
| In this configuration we are defining FIXED_RANGE to be a |
| publicly routed IPv4 subnet. In this specific instance we are using |
| the special TEST-NET-3 subnet defined in `RFC 5737 <http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5737>`_, |
| which is used for documentation. In your DevStack setup, FIXED_RANGE |
| would be a public IP address range that you or your organization has |
| allocated to you, so that you could access your instances from the |
| public internet. |
| |
| The following is the DevStack configuration on |
| compute node 1. |
| |
| :: |
| |
| HOST_IP=10.0.0.3 |
| SERVICE_HOST=10.0.0.2 |
| MYSQL_HOST=10.0.0.2 |
| RABBIT_HOST=10.0.0.2 |
| GLANCE_HOSTPORT=10.0.0.2:9292 |
| ADMIN_PASSWORD=secret |
| MYSQL_PASSWORD=secret |
| RABBIT_PASSWORD=secret |
| SERVICE_PASSWORD=secret |
| |
| # Services that a compute node runs |
| ENABLED_SERVICES=n-cpu,rabbit,q-agt |
| |
| ## Open vSwitch provider networking options |
| PHYSICAL_NETWORK=default |
| OVS_PHYSICAL_BRIDGE=br-ex |
| PUBLIC_INTERFACE=eth1 |
| Q_USE_PROVIDER_NETWORKING=True |
| |
| Compute node 2's configuration will be exactly the same, except |
| ``HOST_IP`` will be ``10.0.0.4`` |
| |
| When DevStack is configured to use provider networking (via |
| ``Q_USE_PROVIDER_NETWORKING`` is True) - |
| DevStack will automatically add the network interface defined in |
| ``PUBLIC_INTERFACE`` to the ``OVS_PHYSICAL_BRIDGE`` |
| |
| For example, with the above configuration, a bridge is |
| created, named ``br-ex`` which is managed by Open vSwitch, and the |
| second interface on the compute node, ``eth1`` is attached to the |
| bridge, to forward traffic sent by guest VMs. |
| |
| Miscellaneous Tips |
| ================== |
| |
| Non-Standard MTU on the Physical Network |
| ---------------------------------------- |
| |
| Neutron by default uses a MTU of 1500 bytes, which is |
| the standard MTU for Ethernet. |
| |
| A different MTU can be specified by adding the following to |
| the Neutron section of `local.conf`. For example, |
| if you have network equipment that supports jumbo frames, you could |
| set the MTU to 9000 bytes by adding the following |
| |
| :: |
| |
| [[post-config|/$Q_PLUGIN_CONF_FILE]] |
| global_physnet_mtu = 9000 |
| |
| |
| Disabling Next Generation Firewall Tools |
| ---------------------------------------- |
| |
| DevStack does not properly operate with modern firewall tools. Specifically |
| it will appear as if the guest VM can access the external network via ICMP, |
| but UDP and TCP packets will not be delivered to the guest VM. The root cause |
| of the issue is that both ufw (Uncomplicated Firewall) and firewalld (Fedora's |
| firewall manager) apply firewall rules to all interfaces in the system, rather |
| then per-device. One solution to this problem is to revert to iptables |
| functionality. |
| |
| To get a functional firewall configuration for Fedora do the following: |
| |
| :: |
| |
| sudo service iptables save |
| sudo systemctl disable firewalld |
| sudo systemctl enable iptables |
| sudo systemctl stop firewalld |
| sudo systemctl start iptables |
| |
| |
| To get a functional firewall configuration for distributions containing ufw, |
| disable ufw. Note ufw is generally not enabled by default in Ubuntu. To |
| disable ufw if it was enabled, do the following: |
| |
| :: |
| |
| sudo service iptables save |
| sudo ufw disable |
| |
| Configuring Extension Drivers for the ML2 Plugin |
| ------------------------------------------------ |
| |
| Extension drivers for the ML2 plugin are set with the variable |
| ``Q_ML2_PLUGIN_EXT_DRIVERS``, and includes the 'port_security' extension |
| by default. If you want to remove all the extension drivers (even |
| 'port_security'), set ``Q_ML2_PLUGIN_EXT_DRIVERS`` to blank. |
| |
| |
| Using Linux Bridge instead of Open vSwitch |
| ------------------------------------------ |
| |
| The configuration for using the Linux Bridge ML2 driver is fairly |
| straight forward. The Linux Bridge configuration for DevStack is similar |
| to the :ref:`Open vSwitch based single interface <single-interface-ovs>` |
| setup, with small modifications for the interface mappings. |
| |
| |
| :: |
| |
| [[local|localrc]] |
| HOST_IP=172.18.161.6 |
| SERVICE_HOST=172.18.161.6 |
| MYSQL_HOST=172.18.161.6 |
| RABBIT_HOST=172.18.161.6 |
| GLANCE_HOSTPORT=172.18.161.6:9292 |
| ADMIN_PASSWORD=secret |
| DATABASE_PASSWORD=secret |
| RABBIT_PASSWORD=secret |
| SERVICE_PASSWORD=secret |
| |
| ## Neutron options |
| Q_USE_SECGROUP=True |
| FLOATING_RANGE="172.18.161.0/24" |
| FIXED_RANGE="10.0.0.0/24" |
| Q_FLOATING_ALLOCATION_POOL=start=172.18.161.250,end=172.18.161.254 |
| PUBLIC_NETWORK_GATEWAY="172.18.161.1" |
| PUBLIC_INTERFACE=eth0 |
| |
| Q_USE_PROVIDERNET_FOR_PUBLIC=True |
| |
| # Linuxbridge Settings |
| Q_AGENT=linuxbridge |
| LB_PHYSICAL_INTERFACE=eth0 |
| PUBLIC_PHYSICAL_NETWORK=default |
| LB_INTERFACE_MAPPINGS=default:eth0 |
| |
| Using MacVTap instead of Open vSwitch |
| ------------------------------------------ |
| |
| Security groups are not supported by the MacVTap agent. Due to that, devstack |
| configures the NoopFirewall driver on the compute node. |
| |
| MacVTap agent does not support l3, dhcp and metadata agent. Due to that you can |
| chose between the following deployment scenarios: |
| |
| Single node with provider networks using config drive and external l3, dhcp |
| ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
| This scenario applies, if l3 and dhcp services are provided externally, or if |
| you do not require them. |
| |
| |
| :: |
| |
| [[local|localrc]] |
| HOST_IP=10.0.0.2 |
| SERVICE_HOST=10.0.0.2 |
| MYSQL_HOST=10.0.0.2 |
| RABBIT_HOST=10.0.0.2 |
| ADMIN_PASSWORD=secret |
| MYSQL_PASSWORD=secret |
| RABBIT_PASSWORD=secret |
| SERVICE_PASSWORD=secret |
| |
| Q_ML2_PLUGIN_MECHANISM_DRIVERS=macvtap |
| Q_USE_PROVIDER_NETWORKING=True |
| |
| enable_plugin neutron git://git.openstack.org/openstack/neutron |
| |
| ## MacVTap agent options |
| Q_AGENT=macvtap |
| PHYSICAL_NETWORK=default |
| |
| FIXED_RANGE="203.0.113.0/24" |
| NETWORK_GATEWAY=203.0.113.1 |
| PROVIDER_SUBNET_NAME="provider_net" |
| PROVIDER_NETWORK_TYPE="vlan" |
| SEGMENTATION_ID=2010 |
| USE_SUBNETPOOL=False |
| |
| [[post-config|/$Q_PLUGIN_CONF_FILE]] |
| [macvtap] |
| physical_interface_mappings = $PHYSICAL_NETWORK:eth1 |
| |
| [[post-config|$NOVA_CONF]] |
| force_config_drive = True |
| |
| |
| Multi node with MacVTap compute node |
| ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
| This scenario applies, if you require OpenStack provided l3, dhcp or metadata |
| services. Those are hosted on a separate controller and network node, running |
| some other l2 agent technology (in this example Open vSwitch). This node needs |
| to be configured for VLAN tenant networks. |
| |
| For OVS, a similar configuration like described in the |
| :ref:`OVS Provider Network <ovs-provider-network-controller>` section can be |
| used. Just add the following line to this local.conf, which also loads |
| the MacVTap mechanism driver: |
| |
| :: |
| |
| [[local|localrc]] |
| ... |
| Q_ML2_PLUGIN_MECHANISM_DRIVERS=openvswitch,linuxbridge,macvtap |
| ... |
| |
| For the MacVTap compute node, use this local.conf: |
| |
| :: |
| |
| HOST_IP=10.0.0.3 |
| SERVICE_HOST=10.0.0.2 |
| MYSQL_HOST=10.0.0.2 |
| RABBIT_HOST=10.0.0.2 |
| ADMIN_PASSWORD=secret |
| MYSQL_PASSWORD=secret |
| RABBIT_PASSWORD=secret |
| SERVICE_PASSWORD=secret |
| |
| # Services that a compute node runs |
| disable_all_services |
| enable_plugin neutron git://git.openstack.org/openstack/neutron |
| ENABLED_SERVICES+=n-cpu,q-agt |
| |
| ## MacVTap agent options |
| Q_AGENT=macvtap |
| PHYSICAL_NETWORK=default |
| |
| [[post-config|/$Q_PLUGIN_CONF_FILE]] |
| [macvtap] |
| physical_interface_mappings = $PHYSICAL_NETWORK:eth1 |