tempest/scenario/manager.py

# Copyright 2012 OpenStack Foundation
# Copyright 2013 IBM Corp.
# All Rights Reserved.
#
#    Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may
#    not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain
#    a copy of the License at
#
#         http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
#    Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
#    distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
#    WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
#    License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
#    under the License.

import logging
import os
import subprocess

import netaddr
import six

from tempest.api.network import common as net_common
from tempest import auth
from tempest import clients
from tempest.common import debug
from tempest.common import isolated_creds
from tempest.common.utils import data_utils
from tempest.common.utils.linux import remote_client
from tempest import config
from tempest import exceptions
from tempest.openstack.common import log
from tempest.services.network import resources as net_resources
import tempest.test

CONF = config.CONF

LOG = log.getLogger(__name__)

# NOTE(afazekas): Workaround for the stdout logging
LOG_nova_client = logging.getLogger('novaclient.client')
LOG_nova_client.addHandler(log.NullHandler())

LOG_cinder_client = logging.getLogger('cinderclient.client')
LOG_cinder_client.addHandler(log.NullHandler())


class ScenarioTest(tempest.test.BaseTestCase):
    """Replaces the OfficialClientTest base class.

    Uses tempest own clients as opposed to OfficialClients.

    Common differences:
    - replace resource.attribute with resource['attribute']
    - replace resouce.delete with delete_callable(resource['id'])
    - replace local waiters with common / rest_client waiters
    """

    @classmethod
    def setUpClass(cls):
        super(ScenarioTest, cls).setUpClass()
        # Using tempest client for isolated credentials as well
        cls.isolated_creds = isolated_creds.IsolatedCreds(
            cls.__name__, tempest_client=True,
            network_resources=cls.network_resources)
        cls.manager = clients.Manager(
            credentials=cls.credentials()
        )
        cls.admin_manager = clients.Manager(cls.admin_credentials())
        # Clients (in alphabetical order)
        cls.flavors_client = cls.manager.flavors_client
        cls.floating_ips_client = cls.manager.floating_ips_client
        # Glance image client v1
        cls.image_client = cls.manager.image_client
        # Compute image client
        cls.images_client = cls.manager.images_client
        cls.keypairs_client = cls.manager.keypairs_client
        cls.networks_client = cls.admin_manager.networks_client
        # Nova security groups client
        cls.security_groups_client = cls.manager.security_groups_client
        cls.servers_client = cls.manager.servers_client
        cls.volumes_client = cls.manager.volumes_client
        cls.snapshots_client = cls.manager.snapshots_client
        cls.interface_client = cls.manager.interfaces_client
        # Neutron network client
        cls.network_client = cls.manager.network_client
        # Heat client
        cls.orchestration_client = cls.manager.orchestration_client

    @classmethod
    def _get_credentials(cls, get_creds, ctype):
        if CONF.compute.allow_tenant_isolation:
            creds = get_creds()
        else:
            creds = auth.get_default_credentials(ctype)
        return creds

    @classmethod
    def credentials(cls):
        return cls._get_credentials(cls.isolated_creds.get_primary_creds,
                                    'user')

    @classmethod
    def alt_credentials(cls):
        return cls._get_credentials(cls.isolated_creds.get_alt_creds,
                                    'alt_user')

    @classmethod
    def admin_credentials(cls):
        return cls._get_credentials(cls.isolated_creds.get_admin_creds,
                                    'identity_admin')

    # ## Methods to handle sync and async deletes

    def setUp(self):
        super(ScenarioTest, self).setUp()
        self.cleanup_waits = []
        # NOTE(mtreinish) This is safe to do in setUp instead of setUp class
        # because scenario tests in the same test class should not share
        # resources. If resources were shared between test cases then it
        # should be a single scenario test instead of multiples.

        # NOTE(yfried): this list is cleaned at the end of test_methods and
        # not at the end of the class
        self.addCleanup(self._wait_for_cleanups)

    def delete_wrapper(self, delete_thing, *args, **kwargs):
        """Ignores NotFound exceptions for delete operations.

        @param delete_thing: delete method of a resource. method will be
            executed as delete_thing(*args, **kwargs)

        """
        try:
            # Tempest clients return dicts, so there is no common delete
            # method available. Using a callable instead
            delete_thing(*args, **kwargs)
        except exceptions.NotFound:
            # If the resource is already missing, mission accomplished.
            pass

    def addCleanup_with_wait(self, waiter_callable, thing_id, thing_id_param,
                             cleanup_callable, cleanup_args=None,
                             cleanup_kwargs=None, ignore_error=True):
        """Adds wait for async resource deletion at the end of cleanups

        @param waiter_callable: callable to wait for the resource to delete
        @param thing_id: the id of the resource to be cleaned-up
        @param thing_id_param: the name of the id param in the waiter
        @param cleanup_callable: method to load pass to self.addCleanup with
            the following *cleanup_args, **cleanup_kwargs.
            usually a delete method.
        """
        if cleanup_args is None:
            cleanup_args = []
        if cleanup_kwargs is None:
            cleanup_kwargs = {}
        self.addCleanup(cleanup_callable, *cleanup_args, **cleanup_kwargs)
        wait_dict = {
            'waiter_callable': waiter_callable,
            thing_id_param: thing_id
        }
        self.cleanup_waits.append(wait_dict)

    def _wait_for_cleanups(self):
        """To handle async delete actions, a list of waits is added
        which will be iterated over as the last step of clearing the
        cleanup queue. That way all the delete calls are made up front
        and the tests won't succeed unless the deletes are eventually
        successful. This is the same basic approach used in the api tests to
        limit cleanup execution time except here it is multi-resource,
        because of the nature of the scenario tests.
        """
        for wait in self.cleanup_waits:
            waiter_callable = wait.pop('waiter_callable')
            waiter_callable(**wait)

    # ## Test functions library
    #
    # The create_[resource] functions only return body and discard the
    # resp part which is not used in scenario tests

    def create_keypair(self, client=None):
        if not client:
            client = self.keypairs_client
        name = data_utils.rand_name(self.__class__.__name__)
        # We don't need to create a keypair by pubkey in scenario
        resp, body = client.create_keypair(name)
        self.addCleanup(client.delete_keypair, name)
        return body

    def create_server(self, name=None, image=None, flavor=None,
                      wait_on_boot=True, wait_on_delete=True,
                      create_kwargs=None):
        """Creates VM instance.

        @param image: image from which to create the instance
        @param wait_on_boot: wait for status ACTIVE before continue
        @param wait_on_delete: force synchronous delete on cleanup
        @param create_kwargs: additional details for instance creation
        @return: server dict
        """
        if name is None:
            name = data_utils.rand_name(self.__class__.__name__)
        if image is None:
            image = CONF.compute.image_ref
        if flavor is None:
            flavor = CONF.compute.flavor_ref
        if create_kwargs is None:
            create_kwargs = {}

        LOG.debug("Creating a server (name: %s, image: %s, flavor: %s)",
                  name, image, flavor)
        _, server = self.servers_client.create_server(name, image, flavor,
                                                      **create_kwargs)
        if wait_on_delete:
            self.addCleanup(self.servers_client.wait_for_server_termination,
                            server['id'])
        self.addCleanup_with_wait(
            waiter_callable=self.servers_client.wait_for_server_termination,
            thing_id=server['id'], thing_id_param='server_id',
            cleanup_callable=self.delete_wrapper,
            cleanup_args=[self.servers_client.delete_server, server['id']])
        if wait_on_boot:
            self.servers_client.wait_for_server_status(server_id=server['id'],
                                                       status='ACTIVE')
        # The instance retrieved on creation is missing network
        # details, necessitating retrieval after it becomes active to
        # ensure correct details.
        _, server = self.servers_client.get_server(server['id'])
        self.assertEqual(server['name'], name)
        return server

    def create_volume(self, size=1, name=None, snapshot_id=None,
                      imageRef=None, volume_type=None, wait_on_delete=True):
        if name is None:
            name = data_utils.rand_name(self.__class__.__name__)
        _, volume = self.volumes_client.create_volume(
            size=size, display_name=name, snapshot_id=snapshot_id,
            imageRef=imageRef, volume_type=volume_type)

        if wait_on_delete:
            self.addCleanup(self.volumes_client.wait_for_resource_deletion,
                            volume['id'])
            self.addCleanup(self.delete_wrapper,
                            self.volumes_client.delete_volume, volume['id'])
        else:
            self.addCleanup_with_wait(
                waiter_callable=self.volumes_client.wait_for_resource_deletion,
                thing_id=volume['id'], thing_id_param='id',
                cleanup_callable=self.delete_wrapper,
                cleanup_args=[self.volumes_client.delete_volume, volume['id']])

        self.assertEqual(name, volume['display_name'])
        self.volumes_client.wait_for_volume_status(volume['id'], 'available')
        # The volume retrieved on creation has a non-up-to-date status.
        # Retrieval after it becomes active ensures correct details.
        _, volume = self.volumes_client.get_volume(volume['id'])
        return volume

    def _create_loginable_secgroup_rule(self, secgroup_id=None):
        _client = self.security_groups_client
        if secgroup_id is None:
            _, sgs = _client.list_security_groups()
            for sg in sgs:
                if sg['name'] == 'default':
                    secgroup_id = sg['id']

        # These rules are intended to permit inbound ssh and icmp
        # traffic from all sources, so no group_id is provided.
        # Setting a group_id would only permit traffic from ports
        # belonging to the same security group.
        rulesets = [
            {
                # ssh
                'ip_proto': 'tcp',
                'from_port': 22,
                'to_port': 22,
                'cidr': '0.0.0.0/0',
            },
            {
                # ping
                'ip_proto': 'icmp',
                'from_port': -1,
                'to_port': -1,
                'cidr': '0.0.0.0/0',
            }
        ]
        rules = list()
        for ruleset in rulesets:
            _, sg_rule = _client.create_security_group_rule(secgroup_id,
                                                            **ruleset)
            self.addCleanup(self.delete_wrapper,
                            _client.delete_security_group_rule,
                            sg_rule['id'])
            rules.append(sg_rule)
        return rules

    def _create_security_group(self):
        # Create security group
        sg_name = data_utils.rand_name(self.__class__.__name__)
        sg_desc = sg_name + " description"
        _, secgroup = self.security_groups_client.create_security_group(
            sg_name, sg_desc)
        self.assertEqual(secgroup['name'], sg_name)
        self.assertEqual(secgroup['description'], sg_desc)
        self.addCleanup(self.delete_wrapper,
                        self.security_groups_client.delete_security_group,
                        secgroup['id'])

        # Add rules to the security group
        self._create_loginable_secgroup_rule(secgroup['id'])

        return secgroup

    def get_remote_client(self, server_or_ip, username=None, private_key=None):
        if isinstance(server_or_ip, six.string_types):
            ip = server_or_ip
        else:
            addr = server_or_ip['addresses'][CONF.compute.network_for_ssh][0]
            ip = addr['addr']

        if username is None:
            username = CONF.scenario.ssh_user
        if private_key is None:
            private_key = self.keypair['private_key']
        linux_client = remote_client.RemoteClient(ip, username,
                                                  pkey=private_key)
        try:
            linux_client.validate_authentication()
        except exceptions.SSHTimeout:
            LOG.exception('ssh connection to %s failed' % ip)
            debug.log_net_debug()
            raise

        return linux_client

    def _image_create(self, name, fmt, path, properties=None):
        if properties is None:
            properties = {}
        name = data_utils.rand_name('%s-' % name)
        image_file = open(path, 'rb')
        self.addCleanup(image_file.close)
        params = {
            'name': name,
            'container_format': fmt,
            'disk_format': fmt,
            'is_public': 'False',
        }
        params.update(properties)
        _, image = self.image_client.create_image(**params)
        self.addCleanup(self.image_client.delete_image, image['id'])
        self.assertEqual("queued", image['status'])
        self.image_client.update_image(image['id'], data=image_file)
        return image['id']

    def glance_image_create(self):
        img_path = CONF.scenario.img_dir + "/" + CONF.scenario.img_file
        aki_img_path = CONF.scenario.img_dir + "/" + CONF.scenario.aki_img_file
        ari_img_path = CONF.scenario.img_dir + "/" + CONF.scenario.ari_img_file
        ami_img_path = CONF.scenario.img_dir + "/" + CONF.scenario.ami_img_file
        img_container_format = CONF.scenario.img_container_format
        img_disk_format = CONF.scenario.img_disk_format
        LOG.debug("paths: img: %s, container_fomat: %s, disk_format: %s, "
                  "ami: %s, ari: %s, aki: %s" %
                  (img_path, img_container_format, img_disk_format,
                   ami_img_path, ari_img_path, aki_img_path))
        try:
            self.image = self._image_create('scenario-img',
                                            img_container_format,
                                            img_path,
                                            properties={'disk_format':
                                                        img_disk_format})
        except IOError:
            LOG.debug("A qcow2 image was not found. Try to get a uec image.")
            kernel = self._image_create('scenario-aki', 'aki', aki_img_path)
            ramdisk = self._image_create('scenario-ari', 'ari', ari_img_path)
            properties = {
                'properties': {'kernel_id': kernel, 'ramdisk_id': ramdisk}
            }
            self.image = self._image_create('scenario-ami', 'ami',
                                            path=ami_img_path,
                                            properties=properties)
        LOG.debug("image:%s" % self.image)

    def _log_console_output(self, servers=None):
        if not CONF.compute_feature_enabled.console_output:
            LOG.debug('Console output not supported, cannot log')
            return
        if not servers:
            _, servers = self.servers_client.list_servers()
            servers = servers['servers']
        for server in servers:
            LOG.debug('Console output for %s', server['id'])
            LOG.debug(self.servers_client.get_console_output(server['id'],
                                                             length=None))

    def _log_net_info(self, exc):
        # network debug is called as part of ssh init
        if not isinstance(exc, exceptions.SSHTimeout):
            LOG.debug('Network information on a devstack host')
            debug.log_net_debug()

    def create_server_snapshot(self, server, name=None):
        # Glance client
        _image_client = self.image_client
        # Compute client
        _images_client = self.images_client
        if name is None:
            name = data_utils.rand_name('scenario-snapshot-')
        LOG.debug("Creating a snapshot image for server: %s", server['name'])
        resp, image = _images_client.create_image(server['id'], name)
        image_id = resp['location'].split('images/')[1]
        _image_client.wait_for_image_status(image_id, 'active')
        self.addCleanup_with_wait(
            waiter_callable=_image_client.wait_for_resource_deletion,
            thing_id=image_id, thing_id_param='id',
            cleanup_callable=self.delete_wrapper,
            cleanup_args=[_image_client.delete_image, image_id])
        _, snapshot_image = _image_client.get_image_meta(image_id)
        image_name = snapshot_image['name']
        self.assertEqual(name, image_name)
        LOG.debug("Created snapshot image %s for server %s",
                  image_name, server['name'])
        return snapshot_image

    def nova_volume_attach(self):
        # TODO(andreaf) Device should be here CONF.compute.volume_device_name
        _, volume_attachment = self.servers_client.attach_volume(
            self.server['id'], self.volume['id'], '/dev/vdb')
        volume = volume_attachment['volumeAttachment']
        self.assertEqual(self.volume['id'], volume['id'])
        self.volumes_client.wait_for_volume_status(volume['id'], 'in-use')
        # Refresh the volume after the attachment
        _, self.volume = self.volumes_client.get_volume(volume['id'])

    def nova_volume_detach(self):
        self.servers_client.detach_volume(self.server['id'], self.volume['id'])
        self.volumes_client.wait_for_volume_status(self.volume['id'],
                                                   'available')

        _, volume = self.volumes_client.get_volume(self.volume['id'])
        self.assertEqual('available', volume['status'])

    def rebuild_server(self, server_id, image=None,
                       preserve_ephemeral=False, wait=True,
                       rebuild_kwargs=None):
        if image is None:
            image = CONF.compute.image_ref

        rebuild_kwargs = rebuild_kwargs or {}

        LOG.debug("Rebuilding server (id: %s, image: %s, preserve eph: %s)",
                  server_id, image, preserve_ephemeral)
        self.servers_client.rebuild(server_id=server_id, image_ref=image,
                                    preserve_ephemeral=preserve_ephemeral,
                                    **rebuild_kwargs)
        if wait:
            self.servers_client.wait_for_server_status(server_id, 'ACTIVE')

    def ping_ip_address(self, ip_address, should_succeed=True):
        cmd = ['ping', '-c1', '-w1', ip_address]

        def ping():
            proc = subprocess.Popen(cmd,
                                    stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                                    stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
            proc.communicate()
            return (proc.returncode == 0) == should_succeed

        return tempest.test.call_until_true(
            ping, CONF.compute.ping_timeout, 1)


class NetworkScenarioTest(ScenarioTest):
    """Base class for network scenario tests.
    This class provide helpers for network scenario tests, using the neutron
    API. Helpers from ancestor which use the nova network API are overridden
    with the neutron API.

    This Class also enforces using Neutron instead of novanetwork.
    Subclassed tests will be skipped if Neutron is not enabled

    """

    @classmethod
    def check_preconditions(cls):
        if not CONF.service_available.neutron:
            raise cls.skipException('Neutron not available')

    @classmethod
    def setUpClass(cls):
        super(NetworkScenarioTest, cls).setUpClass()
        cls.tenant_id = cls.manager.identity_client.tenant_id
        cls.check_preconditions()

    def _create_network(self, client=None, tenant_id=None,
                        namestart='network-smoke-'):
        if not client:
            client = self.network_client
        if not tenant_id:
            tenant_id = client.rest_client.tenant_id
        name = data_utils.rand_name(namestart)
        _, result = client.create_network(name=name, tenant_id=tenant_id)
        network = net_resources.DeletableNetwork(client=client,
                                                 **result['network'])
        self.assertEqual(network.name, name)
        self.addCleanup(self.delete_wrapper, network.delete)
        return network

    def _list_networks(self, *args, **kwargs):
        """List networks using admin creds """
        return self._admin_lister('networks')(*args, **kwargs)

    def _list_subnets(self, *args, **kwargs):
        """List subnets using admin creds """
        return self._admin_lister('subnets')(*args, **kwargs)

    def _list_routers(self, *args, **kwargs):
        """List routers using admin creds """
        return self._admin_lister('routers')(*args, **kwargs)

    def _list_ports(self, *args, **kwargs):
        """List ports using admin creds """
        return self._admin_lister('ports')(*args, **kwargs)

    def _admin_lister(self, resource_type):
        def temp(*args, **kwargs):
            temp_method = self.admin_manager.network_client.__getattr__(
                'list_%s' % resource_type)
            _, resource_list = temp_method(*args, **kwargs)
            return resource_list[resource_type]
        return temp

    def _create_subnet(self, network, client=None, namestart='subnet-smoke',
                       **kwargs):
        """
        Create a subnet for the given network within the cidr block
        configured for tenant networks.
        """
        if not client:
            client = self.network_client

        def cidr_in_use(cidr, tenant_id):
            """
            :return True if subnet with cidr already exist in tenant
                False else
            """
            cidr_in_use = self._list_subnets(tenant_id=tenant_id, cidr=cidr)
            return len(cidr_in_use) != 0

        tenant_cidr = netaddr.IPNetwork(CONF.network.tenant_network_cidr)
        result = None
        # Repeatedly attempt subnet creation with sequential cidr
        # blocks until an unallocated block is found.
        for subnet_cidr in tenant_cidr.subnet(
                CONF.network.tenant_network_mask_bits):
            str_cidr = str(subnet_cidr)
            if cidr_in_use(str_cidr, tenant_id=network.tenant_id):
                continue

            subnet = dict(
                name=data_utils.rand_name(namestart),
                ip_version=4,
                network_id=network.id,
                tenant_id=network.tenant_id,
                cidr=str_cidr,
                **kwargs
            )
            try:
                _, result = client.create_subnet(**subnet)
                break
            except exceptions.Conflict as e:
                is_overlapping_cidr = 'overlaps with another subnet' in str(e)
                if not is_overlapping_cidr:
                    raise
        self.assertIsNotNone(result, 'Unable to allocate tenant network')
        subnet = net_resources.DeletableSubnet(client=client,
                                               **result['subnet'])
        self.assertEqual(subnet.cidr, str_cidr)
        self.addCleanup(self.delete_wrapper, subnet.delete)
        return subnet

    def _create_port(self, network, client=None, namestart='port-quotatest'):
        if not client:
            client = self.network_client
        name = data_utils.rand_name(namestart)
        _, result = client.create_port(
            name=name,
            network_id=network.id,
            tenant_id=network.tenant_id)
        self.assertIsNotNone(result, 'Unable to allocate port')
        port = net_resources.DeletablePort(client=client,
                                           **result['port'])
        self.addCleanup(self.delete_wrapper, port.delete)
        return port

    def _get_server_port_id(self, server, ip_addr=None):
        ports = self._list_ports(device_id=server['id'],
                                 fixed_ip=ip_addr)
        self.assertEqual(len(ports), 1,
                         "Unable to determine which port to target.")
        return ports[0]['id']

    def _get_network_by_name(self, network_name):
        net = self._list_networks(name=network_name)
        return net_common.AttributeDict(net[0])

    def _create_floating_ip(self, thing, external_network_id, port_id=None,
                            client=None):
        if not client:
            client = self.network_client
        if not port_id:
            port_id = self._get_server_port_id(thing)
        _, result = client.create_floatingip(
            floating_network_id=external_network_id,
            port_id=port_id,
            tenant_id=thing['tenant_id']
        )
        floating_ip = net_resources.DeletableFloatingIp(
            client=client,
            **result['floatingip'])
        self.addCleanup(self.delete_wrapper, floating_ip.delete)
        return floating_ip

    def _associate_floating_ip(self, floating_ip, server):
        port_id = self._get_server_port_id(server)
        floating_ip.update(port_id=port_id)
        self.assertEqual(port_id, floating_ip.port_id)
        return floating_ip

    def _disassociate_floating_ip(self, floating_ip):
        """
        :param floating_ip: type DeletableFloatingIp
        """
        floating_ip.update(port_id=None)
        self.assertIsNone(floating_ip.port_id)
        return floating_ip

    def _check_vm_connectivity(self, ip_address,
                               username=None,
                               private_key=None,
                               should_connect=True):
        """
        :param ip_address: server to test against
        :param username: server's ssh username
        :param private_key: server's ssh private key to be used
        :param should_connect: True/False indicates positive/negative test
            positive - attempt ping and ssh
            negative - attempt ping and fail if succeed

        :raises: AssertError if the result of the connectivity check does
            not match the value of the should_connect param
        """
        if should_connect:
            msg = "Timed out waiting for %s to become reachable" % ip_address
        else:
            msg = "ip address %s is reachable" % ip_address
        self.assertTrue(self.ping_ip_address(ip_address,
                                             should_succeed=should_connect),
                        msg=msg)
        if should_connect:
            # no need to check ssh for negative connectivity
            self.get_remote_client(ip_address, username, private_key)

    def _check_public_network_connectivity(self, ip_address, username,
                                           private_key, should_connect=True,
                                           msg=None, servers=None):
        # The target login is assumed to have been configured for
        # key-based authentication by cloud-init.
        LOG.debug('checking network connections to IP %s with user: %s' %
                  (ip_address, username))
        try:
            self._check_vm_connectivity(ip_address,
                                        username,
                                        private_key,
                                        should_connect=should_connect)
        except Exception as e:
            ex_msg = 'Public network connectivity check failed'
            if msg:
                ex_msg += ": " + msg
            LOG.exception(ex_msg)
            self._log_console_output(servers)
            self._log_net_info(e)
            raise

    def _check_tenant_network_connectivity(self, server,
                                           username,
                                           private_key,
                                           should_connect=True,
                                           servers_for_debug=None):
        if not CONF.network.tenant_networks_reachable:
            msg = 'Tenant networks not configured to be reachable.'
            LOG.info(msg)
            return
        # The target login is assumed to have been configured for
        # key-based authentication by cloud-init.
        try:
            for net_name, ip_addresses in server['networks'].iteritems():
                for ip_address in ip_addresses:
                    self._check_vm_connectivity(ip_address,
                                                username,
                                                private_key,
                                                should_connect=should_connect)
        except Exception as e:
            LOG.exception('Tenant network connectivity check failed')
            self._log_console_output(servers_for_debug)
            self._log_net_info(e)
            raise

    def _check_remote_connectivity(self, source, dest, should_succeed=True):
        """
        check ping server via source ssh connection

        :param source: RemoteClient: an ssh connection from which to ping
        :param dest: and IP to ping against
        :param should_succeed: boolean should ping succeed or not
        :returns: boolean -- should_succeed == ping
        :returns: ping is false if ping failed
        """
        def ping_remote():
            try:
                source.ping_host(dest)
            except exceptions.SSHExecCommandFailed:
                LOG.warn('Failed to ping IP: %s via a ssh connection from: %s.'
                         % (dest, source.ssh_client.host))
                return not should_succeed
            return should_succeed

        return tempest.test.call_until_true(ping_remote,
                                            CONF.compute.ping_timeout,
                                            1)

    def _create_security_group(self, client=None, tenant_id=None,
                               namestart='secgroup-smoke'):
        if client is None:
            client = self.network_client
        if tenant_id is None:
            tenant_id = client.rest_client.tenant_id
        secgroup = self._create_empty_security_group(namestart=namestart,
                                                     client=client,
                                                     tenant_id=tenant_id)

        # Add rules to the security group
        rules = self._create_loginable_secgroup_rule(secgroup=secgroup)
        for rule in rules:
            self.assertEqual(tenant_id, rule.tenant_id)
            self.assertEqual(secgroup.id, rule.security_group_id)
        return secgroup

    def _create_empty_security_group(self, client=None, tenant_id=None,
                                     namestart='secgroup-smoke'):
        """Create a security group without rules.

        Default rules will be created:
         - IPv4 egress to any
         - IPv6 egress to any

        :param tenant_id: secgroup will be created in this tenant
        :returns: DeletableSecurityGroup -- containing the secgroup created
        """
        if client is None:
            client = self.network_client
        if not tenant_id:
            tenant_id = client.rest_client.tenant_id
        sg_name = data_utils.rand_name(namestart)
        sg_desc = sg_name + " description"
        sg_dict = dict(name=sg_name,
                       description=sg_desc)
        sg_dict['tenant_id'] = tenant_id
        _, result = client.create_security_group(**sg_dict)
        secgroup = net_resources.DeletableSecurityGroup(
            client=client,
            **result['security_group']
        )
        self.assertEqual(secgroup.name, sg_name)
        self.assertEqual(tenant_id, secgroup.tenant_id)
        self.assertEqual(secgroup.description, sg_desc)
        self.addCleanup(self.delete_wrapper, secgroup.delete)
        return secgroup

    def _default_security_group(self, client=None, tenant_id=None):
        """Get default secgroup for given tenant_id.

        :returns: DeletableSecurityGroup -- default secgroup for given tenant
        """
        if client is None:
            client = self.network_client
        if not tenant_id:
            tenant_id = client.rest_client.tenant_id
        sgs = [
            sg for sg in client.list_security_groups().values()[0]
            if sg['tenant_id'] == tenant_id and sg['name'] == 'default'
        ]
        msg = "No default security group for tenant %s." % (tenant_id)
        self.assertTrue(len(sgs) > 0, msg)
        return net_resources.DeletableSecurityGroup(client=client,
                                                    **sgs[0])

    def _create_security_group_rule(self, secgroup=None, client=None,
                                    tenant_id=None, **kwargs):
        """Create a rule from a dictionary of rule parameters.

        Create a rule in a secgroup. if secgroup not defined will search for
        default secgroup in tenant_id.

        :param secgroup: type DeletableSecurityGroup.
        :param tenant_id: if secgroup not passed -- the tenant in which to
            search for default secgroup
        :param kwargs: a dictionary containing rule parameters:
            for example, to allow incoming ssh:
            rule = {
                    direction: 'ingress'
                    protocol:'tcp',
                    port_range_min: 22,
                    port_range_max: 22
                    }
        """
        if client is None:
            client = self.network_client
        if not tenant_id:
            tenant_id = client.rest_client.tenant_id
        if secgroup is None:
            secgroup = self._default_security_group(client=client,
                                                    tenant_id=tenant_id)

        ruleset = dict(security_group_id=secgroup.id,
                       tenant_id=secgroup.tenant_id)
        ruleset.update(kwargs)

        _, sg_rule = client.create_security_group_rule(**ruleset)
        sg_rule = net_resources.DeletableSecurityGroupRule(
            client=client,
            **sg_rule['security_group_rule']
        )
        self.addCleanup(self.delete_wrapper, sg_rule.delete)
        self.assertEqual(secgroup.tenant_id, sg_rule.tenant_id)
        self.assertEqual(secgroup.id, sg_rule.security_group_id)

        return sg_rule

    def _create_loginable_secgroup_rule(self, client=None, secgroup=None):
        """These rules are intended to permit inbound ssh and icmp
        traffic from all sources, so no group_id is provided.
        Setting a group_id would only permit traffic from ports
        belonging to the same security group.
        """

        if client is None:
            client = self.network_client
        rules = []
        rulesets = [
            dict(
                # ssh
                protocol='tcp',
                port_range_min=22,
                port_range_max=22,
            ),
            dict(
                # ping
                protocol='icmp',
            )
        ]
        for ruleset in rulesets:
            for r_direction in ['ingress', 'egress']:
                ruleset['direction'] = r_direction
                try:
                    sg_rule = self._create_security_group_rule(
                        client=client, secgroup=secgroup, **ruleset)
                except exceptions.Conflict as ex:
                    # if rule already exist - skip rule and continue
                    msg = 'Security group rule already exists'
                    if msg not in ex._error_string:
                        raise ex
                else:
                    self.assertEqual(r_direction, sg_rule.direction)
                    rules.append(sg_rule)

        return rules

    def _create_pool(self, lb_method, protocol, subnet_id):
        """Wrapper utility that returns a test pool."""
        client = self.network_client
        name = data_utils.rand_name('pool')
        _, resp_pool = client.create_pool(protocol=protocol, name=name,
                                          subnet_id=subnet_id,
                                          lb_method=lb_method)
        pool = net_resources.DeletablePool(client=client, **resp_pool['pool'])
        self.assertEqual(pool['name'], name)
        self.addCleanup(self.delete_wrapper, pool.delete)
        return pool

    def _create_member(self, address, protocol_port, pool_id):
        """Wrapper utility that returns a test member."""
        client = self.network_client
        _, resp_member = client.create_member(protocol_port=protocol_port,
                                              pool_id=pool_id,
                                              address=address)
        member = net_resources.DeletableMember(client=client,
                                               **resp_member['member'])
        self.addCleanup(self.delete_wrapper, member.delete)
        return member

    def _create_vip(self, protocol, protocol_port, subnet_id, pool_id):
        """Wrapper utility that returns a test vip."""
        client = self.network_client
        name = data_utils.rand_name('vip')
        _, resp_vip = client.create_vip(protocol=protocol, name=name,
                                        subnet_id=subnet_id, pool_id=pool_id,
                                        protocol_port=protocol_port)
        vip = net_resources.DeletableVip(client=client, **resp_vip['vip'])
        self.assertEqual(vip['name'], name)
        self.addCleanup(self.delete_wrapper, vip.delete)
        return vip

    def _ssh_to_server(self, server, private_key):
        ssh_login = CONF.compute.image_ssh_user
        return self.get_remote_client(server,
                                      username=ssh_login,
                                      private_key=private_key)

    def _get_router(self, client=None, tenant_id=None):
        """Retrieve a router for the given tenant id.

        If a public router has been configured, it will be returned.

        If a public router has not been configured, but a public
        network has, a tenant router will be created and returned that
        routes traffic to the public network.
        """
        if not client:
            client = self.network_client
        if not tenant_id:
            tenant_id = client.rest_client.tenant_id
        router_id = CONF.network.public_router_id
        network_id = CONF.network.public_network_id
        if router_id:
            result = client.show_router(router_id)
            return net_resources.AttributeDict(**result['router'])
        elif network_id:
            router = self._create_router(client, tenant_id)
            router.set_gateway(network_id)
            return router
        else:
            raise Exception("Neither of 'public_router_id' or "
                            "'public_network_id' has been defined.")

    def _create_router(self, client=None, tenant_id=None,
                       namestart='router-smoke'):
        if not client:
            client = self.network_client
        if not tenant_id:
            tenant_id = client.rest_client.tenant_id
        name = data_utils.rand_name(namestart)
        _, result = client.create_router(name=name,
                                         admin_state_up=True,
                                         tenant_id=tenant_id)
        router = net_resources.DeletableRouter(client=client,
                                               **result['router'])
        self.assertEqual(router.name, name)
        self.addCleanup(self.delete_wrapper, router.delete)
        return router

    def create_networks(self, client=None, tenant_id=None):
        """Create a network with a subnet connected to a router.

        The baremetal driver is a special case since all nodes are
        on the same shared network.

        :returns: network, subnet, router
        """
        if CONF.baremetal.driver_enabled:
            # NOTE(Shrews): This exception is for environments where tenant
            # credential isolation is available, but network separation is
            # not (the current baremetal case). Likely can be removed when
            # test account mgmt is reworked:
            # https://blueprints.launchpad.net/tempest/+spec/test-accounts
            network = self._get_network_by_name(
                CONF.compute.fixed_network_name)
            router = None
            subnet = None
        else:
            network = self._create_network(client=client, tenant_id=tenant_id)
            router = self._get_router(client=client, tenant_id=tenant_id)
            subnet = self._create_subnet(network=network, client=client)
            subnet.add_to_router(router.id)
        return network, subnet, router


# power/provision states as of icehouse
class BaremetalPowerStates(object):
    """Possible power states of an Ironic node."""
    POWER_ON = 'power on'
    POWER_OFF = 'power off'
    REBOOT = 'rebooting'
    SUSPEND = 'suspended'


class BaremetalProvisionStates(object):
    """Possible provision states of an Ironic node."""
    NOSTATE = None
    INIT = 'initializing'
    ACTIVE = 'active'
    BUILDING = 'building'
    DEPLOYWAIT = 'wait call-back'
    DEPLOYING = 'deploying'
    DEPLOYFAIL = 'deploy failed'
    DEPLOYDONE = 'deploy complete'
    DELETING = 'deleting'
    DELETED = 'deleted'
    ERROR = 'error'


class BaremetalScenarioTest(ScenarioTest):
    @classmethod
    def setUpClass(cls):
        super(BaremetalScenarioTest, cls).setUpClass()

        if (not CONF.service_available.ironic or
           not CONF.baremetal.driver_enabled):
            msg = 'Ironic not available or Ironic compute driver not enabled'
            raise cls.skipException(msg)

        # use an admin client manager for baremetal client
        manager = clients.Manager(
            credentials=cls.admin_credentials()
        )
        cls.baremetal_client = manager.baremetal_client

        # allow any issues obtaining the node list to raise early
        cls.baremetal_client.list_nodes()

    def _node_state_timeout(self, node_id, state_attr,
                            target_states, timeout=10, interval=1):
        if not isinstance(target_states, list):
            target_states = [target_states]

        def check_state():
            node = self.get_node(node_id=node_id)
            if node.get(state_attr) in target_states:
                return True
            return False

        if not tempest.test.call_until_true(
            check_state, timeout, interval):
            msg = ("Timed out waiting for node %s to reach %s state(s) %s" %
                   (node_id, state_attr, target_states))
            raise exceptions.TimeoutException(msg)

    def wait_provisioning_state(self, node_id, state, timeout):
        self._node_state_timeout(
            node_id=node_id, state_attr='provision_state',
            target_states=state, timeout=timeout)

    def wait_power_state(self, node_id, state):
        self._node_state_timeout(
            node_id=node_id, state_attr='power_state',
            target_states=state, timeout=CONF.baremetal.power_timeout)

    def wait_node(self, instance_id):
        """Waits for a node to be associated with instance_id."""

        def _get_node():
            node = None
            try:
                node = self.get_node(instance_id=instance_id)
            except exceptions.NotFound:
                pass
            return node is not None

        if not tempest.test.call_until_true(
            _get_node, CONF.baremetal.association_timeout, 1):
            msg = ('Timed out waiting to get Ironic node by instance id %s'
                   % instance_id)
            raise exceptions.TimeoutException(msg)

    def get_node(self, node_id=None, instance_id=None):
        if node_id:
            _, body = self.baremetal_client.show_node(node_id)
            return body
        elif instance_id:
            _, body = self.baremetal_client.show_node_by_instance_uuid(
                instance_id)
            if body['nodes']:
                return body['nodes'][0]

    def get_ports(self, node_uuid):
        ports = []
        _, body = self.baremetal_client.list_node_ports(node_uuid)
        for port in body['ports']:
            _, p = self.baremetal_client.show_port(port['uuid'])
            ports.append(p)
        return ports

    def add_keypair(self):
        self.keypair = self.create_keypair()

    def verify_connectivity(self, ip=None):
        if ip:
            dest = self.get_remote_client(ip)
        else:
            dest = self.get_remote_client(self.instance)
        dest.validate_authentication()

    def boot_instance(self):
        create_kwargs = {
            'key_name': self.keypair['name']
        }
        self.instance = self.create_server(
            wait_on_boot=False, create_kwargs=create_kwargs)

        self.wait_node(self.instance['id'])
        self.node = self.get_node(instance_id=self.instance['id'])

        self.wait_power_state(self.node['uuid'], BaremetalPowerStates.POWER_ON)

        self.wait_provisioning_state(
            self.node['uuid'],
            [BaremetalProvisionStates.DEPLOYWAIT,
             BaremetalProvisionStates.ACTIVE],
            timeout=15)

        self.wait_provisioning_state(self.node['uuid'],
                                     BaremetalProvisionStates.ACTIVE,
                                     timeout=CONF.baremetal.active_timeout)

        self.servers_client.wait_for_server_status(self.instance['id'],
                                                   'ACTIVE')
        self.node = self.get_node(instance_id=self.instance['id'])
        _, self.instance = self.servers_client.get_server(self.instance['id'])

    def terminate_instance(self):
        self.servers_client.delete_server(self.instance['id'])
        self.wait_power_state(self.node['uuid'],
                              BaremetalPowerStates.POWER_OFF)
        self.wait_provisioning_state(
            self.node['uuid'],
            BaremetalProvisionStates.NOSTATE,
            timeout=CONF.baremetal.unprovision_timeout)


class EncryptionScenarioTest(ScenarioTest):
    """
    Base class for encryption scenario tests
    """

    @classmethod
    def setUpClass(cls):
        super(EncryptionScenarioTest, cls).setUpClass()
        cls.admin_volume_types_client = cls.admin_manager.volume_types_client

    def _wait_for_volume_status(self, status):
        self.status_timeout(
            self.volume_client.volumes, self.volume.id, status)

    def nova_boot(self):
        self.keypair = self.create_keypair()
        create_kwargs = {'key_name': self.keypair['name']}
        self.server = self.create_server(image=self.image,
                                         create_kwargs=create_kwargs)

    def create_volume_type(self, client=None, name=None):
        if not client:
            client = self.admin_volume_types_client
        if not name:
            name = 'generic'
        randomized_name = data_utils.rand_name('scenario-type-' + name + '-')
        LOG.debug("Creating a volume type: %s", randomized_name)
        _, body = client.create_volume_type(
            randomized_name)
        self.assertIn('id', body)
        self.addCleanup(client.delete_volume_type, body['id'])
        return body

    def create_encryption_type(self, client=None, type_id=None, provider=None,
                               key_size=None, cipher=None,
                               control_location=None):
        if not client:
            client = self.admin_volume_types_client
        if not type_id:
            volume_type = self.create_volume_type()
            type_id = volume_type['id']
        LOG.debug("Creating an encryption type for volume type: %s", type_id)
        client.create_encryption_type(
            type_id, provider=provider, key_size=key_size, cipher=cipher,
            control_location=control_location)


class OrchestrationScenarioTest(ScenarioTest):
    """
    Base class for orchestration scenario tests
    """

    @classmethod
    def setUpClass(cls):
        super(OrchestrationScenarioTest, cls).setUpClass()
        if not CONF.service_available.heat:
            raise cls.skipException("Heat support is required")

    @classmethod
    def credentials(cls):
        admin_creds = auth.get_default_credentials('identity_admin')
        creds = auth.get_default_credentials('user')
        admin_creds.tenant_name = creds.tenant_name
        return admin_creds

    def _load_template(self, base_file, file_name):
        filepath = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(base_file)),
                                file_name)
        with open(filepath) as f:
            return f.read()

    @classmethod
    def _stack_rand_name(cls):
        return data_utils.rand_name(cls.__name__ + '-')

    @classmethod
    def _get_default_network(cls):
        _, networks = cls.networks_client.list_networks()
        for net in networks:
            if net['label'] == CONF.compute.fixed_network_name:
                return net

    @staticmethod
    def _stack_output(stack, output_key):
        """Return a stack output value for a given key."""
        return next((o['output_value'] for o in stack['outputs']
                    if o['output_key'] == output_key), None)


class SwiftScenarioTest(ScenarioTest):
    """
    Provide harness to do Swift scenario tests.

    Subclasses implement the tests that use the methods provided by this
    class.
    """

    @classmethod
    def setUpClass(cls):
        cls.set_network_resources()
        super(SwiftScenarioTest, cls).setUpClass()
        if not CONF.service_available.swift:
            skip_msg = ("%s skipped as swift is not available" %
                        cls.__name__)
            raise cls.skipException(skip_msg)
        # Clients for Swift
        cls.account_client = cls.manager.account_client
        cls.container_client = cls.manager.container_client
        cls.object_client = cls.manager.object_client

    def get_swift_stat(self):
        """get swift status for our user account."""
        self.account_client.list_account_containers()
        LOG.debug('Swift status information obtained successfully')

    def create_container(self, container_name=None):
        name = container_name or data_utils.rand_name(
            'swift-scenario-container')
        self.container_client.create_container(name)
        # look for the container to assure it is created
        self.list_and_check_container_objects(name)
        LOG.debug('Container %s created' % (name))
        return name

    def delete_container(self, container_name):
        self.container_client.delete_container(container_name)
        LOG.debug('Container %s deleted' % (container_name))

    def upload_object_to_container(self, container_name, obj_name=None):
        obj_name = obj_name or data_utils.rand_name('swift-scenario-object')
        obj_data = data_utils.arbitrary_string()
        self.object_client.create_object(container_name, obj_name, obj_data)
        return obj_name, obj_data

    def delete_object(self, container_name, filename):
        self.object_client.delete_object(container_name, filename)
        self.list_and_check_container_objects(container_name,
                                              not_present_obj=[filename])

    def list_and_check_container_objects(self, container_name,
                                         present_obj=None,
                                         not_present_obj=None):
        """
        List objects for a given container and assert which are present and
        which are not.
        """
        if present_obj is None:
            present_obj = []
        if not_present_obj is None:
            not_present_obj = []
        _, object_list = self.container_client.list_container_contents(
            container_name)
        if present_obj:
            for obj in present_obj:
                self.assertIn(obj, object_list)
        if not_present_obj:
            for obj in not_present_obj:
                self.assertNotIn(obj, object_list)

    def change_container_acl(self, container_name, acl):
        metadata_param = {'metadata_prefix': 'x-container-',
                          'metadata': {'read': acl}}
        self.container_client.update_container_metadata(container_name,
                                                        **metadata_param)
        resp, _ = self.container_client.list_container_metadata(container_name)
        self.assertEqual(resp['x-container-read'], acl)

    def download_and_verify(self, container_name, obj_name, expected_data):
        _, obj = self.object_client.get_object(container_name, obj_name)
        self.assertEqual(obj, expected_data)