functions

# functions - Common functions used by DevStack components
#
# The following variables are assumed to be defined by certain functions:
# ``ENABLED_SERVICES``
# ``EROR_ON_CLONE``
# ``FILES``
# ``GLANCE_HOSTPORT``
# ``OFFLINE``
# ``PIP_DOWNLOAD_CACHE``
# ``PIP_USE_MIRRORS``
# ``RECLONE``
# ``TRACK_DEPENDS``
# ``http_proxy``, ``https_proxy``, ``no_proxy``


# Save trace setting
XTRACE=$(set +o | grep xtrace)
set +o xtrace


# Convert CIDR notation to a IPv4 netmask
# cidr2netmask cidr-bits
function cidr2netmask() {
    local maskpat="255 255 255 255"
    local maskdgt="254 252 248 240 224 192 128"
    set -- ${maskpat:0:$(( ($1 / 8) * 4 ))}${maskdgt:$(( (7 - ($1 % 8)) * 4 )):3}
    echo ${1-0}.${2-0}.${3-0}.${4-0}
}


# Return the network portion of the given IP address using netmask
# netmask is in the traditional dotted-quad format
# maskip ip-address netmask
function maskip() {
    local ip=$1
    local mask=$2
    local l="${ip%.*}"; local r="${ip#*.}"; local n="${mask%.*}"; local m="${mask#*.}"
    local subnet=$((${ip%%.*}&${mask%%.*})).$((${r%%.*}&${m%%.*})).$((${l##*.}&${n##*.})).$((${ip##*.}&${mask##*.}))
    echo $subnet
}


# Exit 0 if address is in network or 1 if address is not in network
# ip-range is in CIDR notation: 1.2.3.4/20
# address_in_net ip-address ip-range
function address_in_net() {
    local ip=$1
    local range=$2
    local masklen=${range#*/}
    local network=$(maskip ${range%/*} $(cidr2netmask $masklen))
    local subnet=$(maskip $ip $(cidr2netmask $masklen))
    [[ $network == $subnet ]]
}


# Wrapper for ``apt-get`` to set cache and proxy environment variables
# Uses globals ``OFFLINE``, ``*_proxy`
# apt_get operation package [package ...]
function apt_get() {
    [[ "$OFFLINE" = "True" || -z "$@" ]] && return
    local sudo="sudo"
    [[ "$(id -u)" = "0" ]] && sudo="env"
    $sudo DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive \
        http_proxy=$http_proxy https_proxy=$https_proxy \
        no_proxy=$no_proxy \
        apt-get --option "Dpkg::Options::=--force-confold" --assume-yes "$@"
}


# Gracefully cp only if source file/dir exists
# cp_it source destination
function cp_it {
    if [ -e $1 ] || [ -d $1 ]; then
        cp -pRL $1 $2
    fi
}


# Prints backtrace info
# filename:lineno:function
function backtrace {
    local level=$1
    local deep=$((${#BASH_SOURCE[@]} - 1))
    echo "[Call Trace]"
    while [ $level -le $deep ]; do
        echo "${BASH_SOURCE[$deep]}:${BASH_LINENO[$deep-1]}:${FUNCNAME[$deep-1]}"
        deep=$((deep - 1))
    done
}


# Prints line number and "message" then exits
# die $LINENO "message"
function die() {
    local exitcode=$?
    set +o xtrace
    local line=$1; shift
    if [ $exitcode == 0 ]; then
        exitcode=1
    fi
    backtrace 2
    err $line "$*"
    exit $exitcode
}


# Checks an environment variable is not set or has length 0 OR if the
# exit code is non-zero and prints "message" and exits
# NOTE: env-var is the variable name without a '$'
# die_if_not_set $LINENO env-var "message"
function die_if_not_set() {
    local exitcode=$?
    FXTRACE=$(set +o | grep xtrace)
    set +o xtrace
    local line=$1; shift
    local evar=$1; shift
    if ! is_set $evar || [ $exitcode != 0 ]; then
        die $line "$*"
    fi
    $FXTRACE
}


# Prints line number and "message" in error format
# err $LINENO "message"
function err() {
    local exitcode=$?
    errXTRACE=$(set +o | grep xtrace)
    set +o xtrace
    local msg="[ERROR] ${BASH_SOURCE[2]}:$1 $2"
    echo $msg 1>&2;
    if [[ -n ${SCREEN_LOGDIR} ]]; then
        echo $msg >> "${SCREEN_LOGDIR}/error.log"
    fi
    $errXTRACE
    return $exitcode
}


# Checks an environment variable is not set or has length 0 OR if the
# exit code is non-zero and prints "message"
# NOTE: env-var is the variable name without a '$'
# err_if_not_set $LINENO env-var "message"
function err_if_not_set() {
    local exitcode=$?
    errinsXTRACE=$(set +o | grep xtrace)
    set +o xtrace
    local line=$1; shift
    local evar=$1; shift
    if ! is_set $evar || [ $exitcode != 0 ]; then
        err $line "$*"
    fi
    $errinsXTRACE
    return $exitcode
}


# HTTP and HTTPS proxy servers are supported via the usual environment variables [1]
# ``http_proxy``, ``https_proxy`` and ``no_proxy``. They can be set in
# ``localrc`` or on the command line if necessary::
#
# [1] http://www.w3.org/Daemon/User/Proxies/ProxyClients.html
#
#     http_proxy=http://proxy.example.com:3128/ no_proxy=repo.example.net ./stack.sh

function export_proxy_variables() {
    if [[ -n "$http_proxy" ]]; then
        export http_proxy=$http_proxy
    fi
    if [[ -n "$https_proxy" ]]; then
        export https_proxy=$https_proxy
    fi
    if [[ -n "$no_proxy" ]]; then
        export no_proxy=$no_proxy
    fi
}


# Grab a numbered field from python prettytable output
# Fields are numbered starting with 1
# Reverse syntax is supported: -1 is the last field, -2 is second to last, etc.
# get_field field-number
function get_field() {
    while read data; do
        if [ "$1" -lt 0 ]; then
            field="(\$(NF$1))"
        else
            field="\$$(($1 + 1))"
        fi
        echo "$data" | awk -F'[ \t]*\\|[ \t]*' "{print $field}"
    done
}


# Get the default value for HOST_IP
# get_default_host_ip fixed_range floating_range host_ip_iface host_ip
function get_default_host_ip() {
    local fixed_range=$1
    local floating_range=$2
    local host_ip_iface=$3
    local host_ip=$4

    # Find the interface used for the default route
    host_ip_iface=${host_ip_iface:-$(ip route | sed -n '/^default/{ s/.*dev \(\w\+\)\s\+.*/\1/; p; }' | head -1)}
    # Search for an IP unless an explicit is set by ``HOST_IP`` environment variable
    if [ -z "$host_ip" -o "$host_ip" == "dhcp" ]; then
        host_ip=""
        host_ips=`LC_ALL=C ip -f inet addr show ${host_ip_iface} | awk '/inet/ {split($2,parts,"/");  print parts[1]}'`
        for IP in $host_ips; do
            # Attempt to filter out IP addresses that are part of the fixed and
            # floating range. Note that this method only works if the ``netaddr``
            # python library is installed. If it is not installed, an error
            # will be printed and the first IP from the interface will be used.
            # If that is not correct set ``HOST_IP`` in ``localrc`` to the correct
            # address.
            if ! (address_in_net $IP $fixed_range || address_in_net $IP $floating_range); then
                host_ip=$IP
                break;
            fi
        done
    fi
    echo $host_ip
}


function _get_package_dir() {
    local pkg_dir
    if is_ubuntu; then
        pkg_dir=$FILES/apts
    elif is_fedora; then
        pkg_dir=$FILES/rpms
    elif is_suse; then
        pkg_dir=$FILES/rpms-suse
    else
        exit_distro_not_supported "list of packages"
    fi
    echo "$pkg_dir"
}


# get_packages() collects a list of package names of any type from the
# prerequisite files in ``files/{apts|rpms}``.  The list is intended
# to be passed to a package installer such as apt or yum.
#
# Only packages required for the services in 1st argument will be
# included.  Two bits of metadata are recognized in the prerequisite files:
# - ``# NOPRIME`` defers installation to be performed later in stack.sh
# - ``# dist:DISTRO`` or ``dist:DISTRO1,DISTRO2`` limits the selection
#   of the package to the distros listed.  The distro names are case insensitive.
function get_packages() {
    local services=$1
    local package_dir=$(_get_package_dir)
    local file_to_parse
    local service

    if [[ -z "$package_dir" ]]; then
        echo "No package directory supplied"
        return 1
    fi
    if [[ -z "$DISTRO" ]]; then
        GetDistro
    fi
    for service in general ${services//,/ }; do
        # Allow individual services to specify dependencies
        if [[ -e ${package_dir}/${service} ]]; then
            file_to_parse="${file_to_parse} $service"
        fi
        # NOTE(sdague) n-api needs glance for now because that's where
        # glance client is
        if [[ $service == n-api ]]; then
            if [[ ! $file_to_parse =~ nova ]]; then
                file_to_parse="${file_to_parse} nova"
            fi
            if [[ ! $file_to_parse =~ glance ]]; then
                file_to_parse="${file_to_parse} glance"
            fi
        elif [[ $service == c-* ]]; then
            if [[ ! $file_to_parse =~ cinder ]]; then
                file_to_parse="${file_to_parse} cinder"
            fi
        elif [[ $service == ceilometer-* ]]; then
            if [[ ! $file_to_parse =~ ceilometer ]]; then
                file_to_parse="${file_to_parse} ceilometer"
            fi
        elif [[ $service == s-* ]]; then
            if [[ ! $file_to_parse =~ swift ]]; then
                file_to_parse="${file_to_parse} swift"
            fi
        elif [[ $service == n-* ]]; then
            if [[ ! $file_to_parse =~ nova ]]; then
                file_to_parse="${file_to_parse} nova"
            fi
        elif [[ $service == g-* ]]; then
            if [[ ! $file_to_parse =~ glance ]]; then
                file_to_parse="${file_to_parse} glance"
            fi
        elif [[ $service == key* ]]; then
            if [[ ! $file_to_parse =~ keystone ]]; then
                file_to_parse="${file_to_parse} keystone"
            fi
        elif [[ $service == q-* ]]; then
            if [[ ! $file_to_parse =~ neutron ]]; then
                file_to_parse="${file_to_parse} neutron"
            fi
        fi
    done

    for file in ${file_to_parse}; do
        local fname=${package_dir}/${file}
        local OIFS line package distros distro
        [[ -e $fname ]] || continue

        OIFS=$IFS
        IFS=$'\n'
        for line in $(<${fname}); do
            if [[ $line =~ "NOPRIME" ]]; then
                continue
            fi

            # Assume we want this package
            package=${line%#*}
            inst_pkg=1

            # Look for # dist:xxx in comment
            if [[ $line =~ (.*)#.*dist:([^ ]*) ]]; then
                # We are using BASH regexp matching feature.
                package=${BASH_REMATCH[1]}
                distros=${BASH_REMATCH[2]}
                # In bash ${VAR,,} will lowecase VAR
                # Look for a match in the distro list
                if [[ ! ${distros,,} =~ ${DISTRO,,} ]]; then
                    # If no match then skip this package
                    inst_pkg=0
                fi
            fi

            # Look for # testonly in comment
            if [[ $line =~ (.*)#.*testonly.* ]]; then
                package=${BASH_REMATCH[1]}
                # Are we installing test packages? (test for the default value)
                if [[ $INSTALL_TESTONLY_PACKAGES = "False" ]]; then
                    # If not installing test packages the skip this package
                    inst_pkg=0
                fi
            fi

            if [[ $inst_pkg = 1 ]]; then
                echo $package
            fi
        done
        IFS=$OIFS
    done
}


# Determine OS Vendor, Release and Update
# Tested with OS/X, Ubuntu, RedHat, CentOS, Fedora
# Returns results in global variables:
# os_VENDOR - vendor name
# os_RELEASE - release
# os_UPDATE - update
# os_PACKAGE - package type
# os_CODENAME - vendor's codename for release
# GetOSVersion
GetOSVersion() {
    # Figure out which vendor we are
    if [[ -n "`which sw_vers 2>/dev/null`" ]]; then
        # OS/X
        os_VENDOR=`sw_vers -productName`
        os_RELEASE=`sw_vers -productVersion`
        os_UPDATE=${os_RELEASE##*.}
        os_RELEASE=${os_RELEASE%.*}
        os_PACKAGE=""
        if [[ "$os_RELEASE" =~ "10.7" ]]; then
            os_CODENAME="lion"
        elif [[ "$os_RELEASE" =~ "10.6" ]]; then
            os_CODENAME="snow leopard"
        elif [[ "$os_RELEASE" =~ "10.5" ]]; then
            os_CODENAME="leopard"
        elif [[ "$os_RELEASE" =~ "10.4" ]]; then
            os_CODENAME="tiger"
        elif [[ "$os_RELEASE" =~ "10.3" ]]; then
            os_CODENAME="panther"
        else
            os_CODENAME=""
        fi
    elif [[ -x $(which lsb_release 2>/dev/null) ]]; then
        os_VENDOR=$(lsb_release -i -s)
        os_RELEASE=$(lsb_release -r -s)
        os_UPDATE=""
        os_PACKAGE="rpm"
        if [[ "Debian,Ubuntu,LinuxMint" =~ $os_VENDOR ]]; then
            os_PACKAGE="deb"
        elif [[ "SUSE LINUX" =~ $os_VENDOR ]]; then
            lsb_release -d -s | grep -q openSUSE
            if [[ $? -eq 0 ]]; then
                os_VENDOR="openSUSE"
            fi
        elif [[ $os_VENDOR == "openSUSE project" ]]; then
            os_VENDOR="openSUSE"
        elif [[ $os_VENDOR =~ Red.*Hat ]]; then
            os_VENDOR="Red Hat"
        fi
        os_CODENAME=$(lsb_release -c -s)
    elif [[ -r /etc/redhat-release ]]; then
        # Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 5.5 (Tikanga)
        # CentOS release 5.5 (Final)
        # CentOS Linux release 6.0 (Final)
        # Fedora release 16 (Verne)
        # XenServer release 6.2.0-70446c (xenenterprise)
        os_CODENAME=""
        for r in "Red Hat" CentOS Fedora XenServer; do
            os_VENDOR=$r
            if [[ -n "`grep \"$r\" /etc/redhat-release`" ]]; then
                ver=`sed -e 's/^.* \(.*\) (\(.*\)).*$/\1\|\2/' /etc/redhat-release`
                os_CODENAME=${ver#*|}
                os_RELEASE=${ver%|*}
                os_UPDATE=${os_RELEASE##*.}
                os_RELEASE=${os_RELEASE%.*}
                break
            fi
            os_VENDOR=""
        done
        os_PACKAGE="rpm"
    elif [[ -r /etc/SuSE-release ]]; then
        for r in openSUSE "SUSE Linux"; do
            if [[ "$r" = "SUSE Linux" ]]; then
                os_VENDOR="SUSE LINUX"
            else
                os_VENDOR=$r
            fi

            if [[ -n "`grep \"$r\" /etc/SuSE-release`" ]]; then
                os_CODENAME=`grep "CODENAME = " /etc/SuSE-release | sed 's:.* = ::g'`
                os_RELEASE=`grep "VERSION = " /etc/SuSE-release | sed 's:.* = ::g'`
                os_UPDATE=`grep "PATCHLEVEL = " /etc/SuSE-release | sed 's:.* = ::g'`
                break
            fi
            os_VENDOR=""
        done
        os_PACKAGE="rpm"
    # If lsb_release is not installed, we should be able to detect Debian OS
    elif [[ -f /etc/debian_version ]] && [[ $(cat /proc/version) =~ "Debian" ]]; then
        os_VENDOR="Debian"
        os_PACKAGE="deb"
        os_CODENAME=$(awk '/VERSION=/' /etc/os-release | sed 's/VERSION=//' | sed -r 's/\"|\(|\)//g' | awk '{print $2}')
        os_RELEASE=$(awk '/VERSION_ID=/' /etc/os-release | sed 's/VERSION_ID=//' | sed 's/\"//g')
    fi
    export os_VENDOR os_RELEASE os_UPDATE os_PACKAGE os_CODENAME
}


# Translate the OS version values into common nomenclature
# Sets ``DISTRO`` from the ``os_*`` values
function GetDistro() {
    GetOSVersion
    if [[ "$os_VENDOR" =~ (Ubuntu) || "$os_VENDOR" =~ (Debian) ]]; then
        # 'Everyone' refers to Ubuntu / Debian releases by the code name adjective
        DISTRO=$os_CODENAME
    elif [[ "$os_VENDOR" =~ (Fedora) ]]; then
        # For Fedora, just use 'f' and the release
        DISTRO="f$os_RELEASE"
    elif [[ "$os_VENDOR" =~ (openSUSE) ]]; then
        DISTRO="opensuse-$os_RELEASE"
    elif [[ "$os_VENDOR" =~ (SUSE LINUX) ]]; then
        # For SLE, also use the service pack
        if [[ -z "$os_UPDATE" ]]; then
            DISTRO="sle${os_RELEASE}"
        else
            DISTRO="sle${os_RELEASE}sp${os_UPDATE}"
        fi
    elif [[ "$os_VENDOR" =~ (Red Hat) || "$os_VENDOR" =~ (CentOS) ]]; then
        # Drop the . release as we assume it's compatible
        DISTRO="rhel${os_RELEASE::1}"
    elif [[ "$os_VENDOR" =~ (XenServer) ]]; then
        DISTRO="xs$os_RELEASE"
    else
        # Catch-all for now is Vendor + Release + Update
        DISTRO="$os_VENDOR-$os_RELEASE.$os_UPDATE"
    fi
    export DISTRO
}


# Determine if current distribution is a Fedora-based distribution
# (Fedora, RHEL, CentOS, etc).
# is_fedora
function is_fedora {
    if [[ -z "$os_VENDOR" ]]; then
        GetOSVersion
    fi

    [ "$os_VENDOR" = "Fedora" ] || [ "$os_VENDOR" = "Red Hat" ] || [ "$os_VENDOR" = "CentOS" ]
}


# Determine if current distribution is a SUSE-based distribution
# (openSUSE, SLE).
# is_suse
function is_suse {
    if [[ -z "$os_VENDOR" ]]; then
        GetOSVersion
    fi

    [ "$os_VENDOR" = "openSUSE" ] || [ "$os_VENDOR" = "SUSE LINUX" ]
}


# Determine if current distribution is an Ubuntu-based distribution
# It will also detect non-Ubuntu but Debian-based distros
# is_ubuntu
function is_ubuntu {
    if [[ -z "$os_PACKAGE" ]]; then
        GetOSVersion
    fi
    [ "$os_PACKAGE" = "deb" ]
}


# Exit after outputting a message about the distribution not being supported.
# exit_distro_not_supported [optional-string-telling-what-is-missing]
function exit_distro_not_supported {
    if [[ -z "$DISTRO" ]]; then
        GetDistro
    fi

    if [ $# -gt 0 ]; then
        die $LINENO "Support for $DISTRO is incomplete: no support for $@"
    else
        die $LINENO "Support for $DISTRO is incomplete."
    fi
}

# Utility function for checking machine architecture
# is_arch arch-type
function is_arch {
    ARCH_TYPE=$1

    [ "($uname -m)" = "$ARCH_TYPE" ]
}

# git clone only if directory doesn't exist already.  Since ``DEST`` might not
# be owned by the installation user, we create the directory and change the
# ownership to the proper user.
# Set global RECLONE=yes to simulate a clone when dest-dir exists
# Set global ERROR_ON_CLONE=True to abort execution with an error if the git repo
# does not exist (default is False, meaning the repo will be cloned).
# Uses global ``OFFLINE``
# git_clone remote dest-dir branch
function git_clone {
    [[ "$OFFLINE" = "True" ]] && return

    GIT_REMOTE=$1
    GIT_DEST=$2
    GIT_REF=$3

    if echo $GIT_REF | egrep -q "^refs"; then
        # If our branch name is a gerrit style refs/changes/...
        if [[ ! -d $GIT_DEST ]]; then
            [[ "$ERROR_ON_CLONE" = "True" ]] && exit 1
            git clone $GIT_REMOTE $GIT_DEST
        fi
        cd $GIT_DEST
        git fetch $GIT_REMOTE $GIT_REF && git checkout FETCH_HEAD
    else
        # do a full clone only if the directory doesn't exist
        if [[ ! -d $GIT_DEST ]]; then
            [[ "$ERROR_ON_CLONE" = "True" ]] && exit 1
            git clone $GIT_REMOTE $GIT_DEST
            cd $GIT_DEST
            # This checkout syntax works for both branches and tags
            git checkout $GIT_REF
        elif [[ "$RECLONE" == "yes" ]]; then
            # if it does exist then simulate what clone does if asked to RECLONE
            cd $GIT_DEST
            # set the url to pull from and fetch
            git remote set-url origin $GIT_REMOTE
            git fetch origin
            # remove the existing ignored files (like pyc) as they cause breakage
            # (due to the py files having older timestamps than our pyc, so python
            # thinks the pyc files are correct using them)
            find $GIT_DEST -name '*.pyc' -delete

            # handle GIT_REF accordingly to type (tag, branch)
            if [[ -n "`git show-ref refs/tags/$GIT_REF`" ]]; then
                git_update_tag $GIT_REF
            elif [[ -n "`git show-ref refs/heads/$GIT_REF`" ]]; then
                git_update_branch $GIT_REF
            elif [[ -n "`git show-ref refs/remotes/origin/$GIT_REF`" ]]; then
                git_update_remote_branch $GIT_REF
            else
                echo $GIT_REF is neither branch nor tag
                exit 1
            fi

        fi
    fi
}


# git update using reference as a branch.
# git_update_branch ref
function git_update_branch() {

    GIT_BRANCH=$1

    git checkout -f origin/$GIT_BRANCH
    # a local branch might not exist
    git branch -D $GIT_BRANCH || true
    git checkout -b $GIT_BRANCH
}


# git update using reference as a branch.
# git_update_remote_branch ref
function git_update_remote_branch() {

    GIT_BRANCH=$1

    git checkout -b $GIT_BRANCH -t origin/$GIT_BRANCH
}


# git update using reference as a tag. Be careful editing source at that repo
# as working copy will be in a detached mode
# git_update_tag ref
function git_update_tag() {

    GIT_TAG=$1

    git tag -d $GIT_TAG
    # fetching given tag only
    git fetch origin tag $GIT_TAG
    git checkout -f $GIT_TAG
}


# Comment an option in an INI file
# inicomment config-file section option
function inicomment() {
    local file=$1
    local section=$2
    local option=$3
    sed -i -e "/^\[$section\]/,/^\[.*\]/ s|^\($option[ \t]*=.*$\)|#\1|" "$file"
}


# Uncomment an option in an INI file
# iniuncomment config-file section option
function iniuncomment() {
    local file=$1
    local section=$2
    local option=$3
    sed -i -e "/^\[$section\]/,/^\[.*\]/ s|[^ \t]*#[ \t]*\($option[ \t]*=.*$\)|\1|" "$file"
}


# Get an option from an INI file
# iniget config-file section option
function iniget() {
    local file=$1
    local section=$2
    local option=$3
    local line
    line=$(sed -ne "/^\[$section\]/,/^\[.*\]/ { /^$option[ \t]*=/ p; }" "$file")
    echo ${line#*=}
}


# Determinate is the given option present in the INI file
# ini_has_option config-file section option
function ini_has_option() {
    local file=$1
    local section=$2
    local option=$3
    local line
    line=$(sed -ne "/^\[$section\]/,/^\[.*\]/ { /^$option[ \t]*=/ p; }" "$file")
    [ -n "$line" ]
}


# Set an option in an INI file
# iniset config-file section option value
function iniset() {
    local file=$1
    local section=$2
    local option=$3
    local value=$4
    if ! grep -q "^\[$section\]" "$file"; then
        # Add section at the end
        echo -e "\n[$section]" >>"$file"
    fi
    if ! ini_has_option "$file" "$section" "$option"; then
        # Add it
        sed -i -e "/^\[$section\]/ a\\
$option = $value
" "$file"
    else
        # Replace it
        sed -i -e "/^\[$section\]/,/^\[.*\]/ s|^\($option[ \t]*=[ \t]*\).*$|\1$value|" "$file"
    fi
}


# Get a multiple line option from an INI file
# iniget_multiline config-file section option
function iniget_multiline() {
    local file=$1
    local section=$2
    local option=$3
    local values
    values=$(sed -ne "/^\[$section\]/,/^\[.*\]/ { s/^$option[ \t]*=[ \t]*//gp; }" "$file")
    echo ${values}
}


# Set a multiple line option in an INI file
# iniset_multiline config-file section option value1 value2 valu3 ...
function iniset_multiline() {
    local file=$1
    local section=$2
    local option=$3
    shift 3
    local values
    for v in $@; do
        # The later sed command inserts each new value in the line next to
        # the section identifier, which causes the values to be inserted in
        # the reverse order. Do a reverse here to keep the original order.
        values="$v ${values}"
    done
    if ! grep -q "^\[$section\]" "$file"; then
        # Add section at the end
        echo -e "\n[$section]" >>"$file"
    else
        # Remove old values
        sed -i -e "/^\[$section\]/,/^\[.*\]/ { /^$option[ \t]*=/ d; }" "$file"
    fi
    # Add new ones
    for v in $values; do
        sed -i -e "/^\[$section\]/ a\\
$option = $v
" "$file"
    done
}


# Append a new option in an ini file without replacing the old value
# iniadd config-file section option value1 value2 value3 ...
function iniadd() {
    local file=$1
    local section=$2
    local option=$3
    shift 3
    local values="$(iniget_multiline $file $section $option) $@"
    iniset_multiline $file $section $option $values
}

# Find out if a process exists by partial name.
# is_running name
function is_running() {
    local name=$1
    ps auxw | grep -v grep | grep ${name} > /dev/null
    RC=$?
    # some times I really hate bash reverse binary logic
    return $RC
}


# is_service_enabled() checks if the service(s) specified as arguments are
# enabled by the user in ``ENABLED_SERVICES``.
#
# Multiple services specified as arguments are ``OR``'ed together; the test
# is a short-circuit boolean, i.e it returns on the first match.
#
# There are special cases for some 'catch-all' services::
#   **nova** returns true if any service enabled start with **n-**
#   **cinder** returns true if any service enabled start with **c-**
#   **ceilometer** returns true if any service enabled start with **ceilometer**
#   **glance** returns true if any service enabled start with **g-**
#   **neutron** returns true if any service enabled start with **q-**
#   **swift** returns true if any service enabled start with **s-**
#   For backward compatibility if we have **swift** in ENABLED_SERVICES all the
#   **s-** services will be enabled. This will be deprecated in the future.
#
# Cells within nova is enabled if **n-cell** is in ``ENABLED_SERVICES``.
# We also need to make sure to treat **n-cell-region** and **n-cell-child**
# as enabled in this case.
#
# Uses global ``ENABLED_SERVICES``
# is_service_enabled service [service ...]
function is_service_enabled() {
    services=$@
    for service in ${services}; do
        [[ ,${ENABLED_SERVICES}, =~ ,${service}, ]] && return 0
        [[ ${service} == n-cell-* && ${ENABLED_SERVICES} =~ "n-cell" ]] && return 0
        [[ ${service} == "nova" && ${ENABLED_SERVICES} =~ "n-" ]] && return 0
        [[ ${service} == "cinder" && ${ENABLED_SERVICES} =~ "c-" ]] && return 0
        [[ ${service} == "ceilometer" && ${ENABLED_SERVICES} =~ "ceilometer-" ]] && return 0
        [[ ${service} == "glance" && ${ENABLED_SERVICES} =~ "g-" ]] && return 0
        [[ ${service} == "neutron" && ${ENABLED_SERVICES} =~ "q-" ]] && return 0
        [[ ${service} == "swift" && ${ENABLED_SERVICES} =~ "s-" ]] && return 0
        [[ ${service} == s-* && ${ENABLED_SERVICES} =~ "swift" ]] && return 0
    done
    return 1
}


# remove extra commas from the input string (i.e. ``ENABLED_SERVICES``)
# _cleanup_service_list service-list
function _cleanup_service_list () {
    echo "$1" | sed -e '
        s/,,/,/g;
        s/^,//;
        s/,$//
    '
}


# enable_service() adds the services passed as argument to the
# ``ENABLED_SERVICES`` list, if they are not already present.
#
# For example:
#   enable_service qpid
#
# This function does not know about the special cases
# for nova, glance, and neutron built into is_service_enabled().
# Uses global ``ENABLED_SERVICES``
# enable_service service [service ...]
function enable_service() {
    local tmpsvcs="${ENABLED_SERVICES}"
    for service in $@; do
        if ! is_service_enabled $service; then
            tmpsvcs+=",$service"
        fi
    done
    ENABLED_SERVICES=$(_cleanup_service_list "$tmpsvcs")
    disable_negated_services
}


# disable_service() removes the services passed as argument to the
# ``ENABLED_SERVICES`` list, if they are present.
#
# For example:
#   disable_service rabbit
#
# This function does not know about the special cases
# for nova, glance, and neutron built into is_service_enabled().
# Uses global ``ENABLED_SERVICES``
# disable_service service [service ...]
function disable_service() {
    local tmpsvcs=",${ENABLED_SERVICES},"
    local service
    for service in $@; do
        if is_service_enabled $service; then
            tmpsvcs=${tmpsvcs//,$service,/,}
        fi
    done
    ENABLED_SERVICES=$(_cleanup_service_list "$tmpsvcs")
}


# disable_all_services() removes all current services
# from ``ENABLED_SERVICES`` to reset the configuration
# before a minimal installation
# Uses global ``ENABLED_SERVICES``
# disable_all_services
function disable_all_services() {
    ENABLED_SERVICES=""
}


# Remove all services starting with '-'.  For example, to install all default
# services except rabbit (rabbit) set in ``localrc``:
# ENABLED_SERVICES+=",-rabbit"
# Uses global ``ENABLED_SERVICES``
# disable_negated_services
function disable_negated_services() {
    local tmpsvcs="${ENABLED_SERVICES}"
    local service
    for service in ${tmpsvcs//,/ }; do
        if [[ ${service} == -* ]]; then
            tmpsvcs=$(echo ${tmpsvcs}|sed -r "s/(,)?(-)?${service#-}(,)?/,/g")
        fi
    done
    ENABLED_SERVICES=$(_cleanup_service_list "$tmpsvcs")
}


# Distro-agnostic package installer
# install_package package [package ...]
function install_package() {
    if is_ubuntu; then
        [[ "$NO_UPDATE_REPOS" = "True" ]] || apt_get update
        NO_UPDATE_REPOS=True

        apt_get install "$@"
    elif is_fedora; then
        yum_install "$@"
    elif is_suse; then
        zypper_install "$@"
    else
        exit_distro_not_supported "installing packages"
    fi
}


# Distro-agnostic package uninstaller
# uninstall_package package [package ...]
function uninstall_package() {
    if is_ubuntu; then
        apt_get purge "$@"
    elif is_fedora; then
        sudo yum remove -y "$@"
    elif is_suse; then
        sudo rpm -e "$@"
    else
        exit_distro_not_supported "uninstalling packages"
    fi
}


# Distro-agnostic function to tell if a package is installed
# is_package_installed package [package ...]
function is_package_installed() {
    if [[ -z "$@" ]]; then
        return 1
    fi

    if [[ -z "$os_PACKAGE" ]]; then
        GetOSVersion
    fi

    if [[ "$os_PACKAGE" = "deb" ]]; then
        dpkg -s "$@" > /dev/null 2> /dev/null
    elif [[ "$os_PACKAGE" = "rpm" ]]; then
        rpm --quiet -q "$@"
    else
        exit_distro_not_supported "finding if a package is installed"
    fi
}


# Test if the named environment variable is set and not zero length
# is_set env-var
function is_set() {
    local var=\$"$1"
    eval "[ -n \"$var\" ]" # For ex.: sh -c "[ -n \"$var\" ]" would be better, but several exercises depends on this
}


# Wrapper for ``pip install`` to set cache and proxy environment variables
# Uses globals ``OFFLINE``, ``PIP_DOWNLOAD_CACHE``, ``PIP_USE_MIRRORS``,
#   ``TRACK_DEPENDS``, ``*_proxy`
# pip_install package [package ...]
function pip_install {
    [[ "$OFFLINE" = "True" || -z "$@" ]] && return
    if [[ -z "$os_PACKAGE" ]]; then
        GetOSVersion
    fi
    if [[ $TRACK_DEPENDS = True ]]; then
        source $DEST/.venv/bin/activate
        CMD_PIP=$DEST/.venv/bin/pip
        SUDO_PIP="env"
    else
        SUDO_PIP="sudo"
        CMD_PIP=$(get_pip_command)
    fi

    # Mirror option not needed anymore because pypi has CDN available,
    # but it's useful in certain circumstances
    PIP_USE_MIRRORS=${PIP_USE_MIRRORS:-False}
    if [[ "$PIP_USE_MIRRORS" != "False" ]]; then
        PIP_MIRROR_OPT="--use-mirrors"
    fi

    # pip < 1.4 has a bug where it will use an already existing build
    # directory unconditionally.  Say an earlier component installs
    # foo v1.1; pip will have built foo's source in
    # /tmp/$USER-pip-build.  Even if a later component specifies foo <
    # 1.1, the existing extracted build will be used and cause
    # confusing errors.  By creating unique build directories we avoid
    # this problem. See
    #  https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/709
    local pip_build_tmp=$(mktemp --tmpdir -d pip-build.XXXXX)

    $SUDO_PIP PIP_DOWNLOAD_CACHE=${PIP_DOWNLOAD_CACHE:-/var/cache/pip} \
        HTTP_PROXY=$http_proxy \
        HTTPS_PROXY=$https_proxy \
        NO_PROXY=$no_proxy \
        $CMD_PIP install --build=${pip_build_tmp} \
        $PIP_MIRROR_OPT $@ \
        && $SUDO_PIP rm -rf ${pip_build_tmp}
}


# Cleanup anything from /tmp on unstack
# clean_tmp
function cleanup_tmp {
    local tmp_dir=${TMPDIR:-/tmp}

    # see comments in pip_install
    sudo rm -rf ${tmp_dir}/pip-build.*
}

# Service wrapper to restart services
# restart_service service-name
function restart_service() {
    if is_ubuntu; then
        sudo /usr/sbin/service $1 restart
    else
        sudo /sbin/service $1 restart
    fi
}


# _run_process() is designed to be backgrounded by run_process() to simulate a
# fork.  It includes the dirty work of closing extra filehandles and preparing log
# files to produce the same logs as screen_it().  The log filename is derived
# from the service name and global-and-now-misnamed SCREEN_LOGDIR
# _run_process service "command-line"
function _run_process() {
    local service=$1
    local command="$2"

    # Undo logging redirections and close the extra descriptors
    exec 1>&3
    exec 2>&3
    exec 3>&-
    exec 6>&-

    if [[ -n ${SCREEN_LOGDIR} ]]; then
        exec 1>&${SCREEN_LOGDIR}/screen-${1}.${CURRENT_LOG_TIME}.log 2>&1
        ln -sf ${SCREEN_LOGDIR}/screen-${1}.${CURRENT_LOG_TIME}.log ${SCREEN_LOGDIR}/screen-${1}.log

        # TODO(dtroyer): Hack to get stdout from the Python interpreter for the logs.
        export PYTHONUNBUFFERED=1
    fi

    exec /bin/bash -c "$command"
    die "$service exec failure: $command"
}


# run_process() launches a child process that closes all file descriptors and
# then exec's the passed in command.  This is meant to duplicate the semantics
# of screen_it() without screen.  PIDs are written to
# $SERVICE_DIR/$SCREEN_NAME/$service.pid
# run_process service "command-line"
function run_process() {
    local service=$1
    local command="$2"

    # Spawn the child process
    _run_process "$service" "$command" &
    echo $!
}


# Helper to launch a service in a named screen
# screen_it service "command-line"
function screen_it {
    SCREEN_NAME=${SCREEN_NAME:-stack}
    SERVICE_DIR=${SERVICE_DIR:-${DEST}/status}
    USE_SCREEN=$(trueorfalse True $USE_SCREEN)

    if is_service_enabled $1; then
        # Append the service to the screen rc file
        screen_rc "$1" "$2"

        if [[ "$USE_SCREEN" = "True" ]]; then
            screen -S $SCREEN_NAME -X screen -t $1

            if [[ -n ${SCREEN_LOGDIR} ]]; then
                screen -S $SCREEN_NAME -p $1 -X logfile ${SCREEN_LOGDIR}/screen-${1}.${CURRENT_LOG_TIME}.log
                screen -S $SCREEN_NAME -p $1 -X log on
                ln -sf ${SCREEN_LOGDIR}/screen-${1}.${CURRENT_LOG_TIME}.log ${SCREEN_LOGDIR}/screen-${1}.log
            fi

            # sleep to allow bash to be ready to be send the command - we are
            # creating a new window in screen and then sends characters, so if
            # bash isn't running by the time we send the command, nothing happens
            sleep 1.5

            NL=`echo -ne '\015'`
            screen -S $SCREEN_NAME -p $1 -X stuff "$2 || echo \"$1 failed to start\" | tee \"$SERVICE_DIR/$SCREEN_NAME/$1.failure\"$NL"
        else
            # Spawn directly without screen
            run_process "$1" "$2" >$SERVICE_DIR/$SCREEN_NAME/$service.pid
        fi
    fi
}


# Screen rc file builder
# screen_rc service "command-line"
function screen_rc {
    SCREEN_NAME=${SCREEN_NAME:-stack}
    SCREENRC=$TOP_DIR/$SCREEN_NAME-screenrc
    if [[ ! -e $SCREENRC ]]; then
        # Name the screen session
        echo "sessionname $SCREEN_NAME" > $SCREENRC
        # Set a reasonable statusbar
        echo "hardstatus alwayslastline '$SCREEN_HARDSTATUS'" >> $SCREENRC
        # Some distributions override PROMPT_COMMAND for the screen terminal type - turn that off
        echo "setenv PROMPT_COMMAND /bin/true" >> $SCREENRC
        echo "screen -t shell bash" >> $SCREENRC
    fi
    # If this service doesn't already exist in the screenrc file
    if ! grep $1 $SCREENRC 2>&1 > /dev/null; then
        NL=`echo -ne '\015'`
        echo "screen -t $1 bash" >> $SCREENRC
        echo "stuff \"$2$NL\"" >> $SCREENRC
    fi
}


# Helper to remove the *.failure files under $SERVICE_DIR/$SCREEN_NAME
# This is used for service_check when all the screen_it are called finished
# init_service_check
function init_service_check() {
    SCREEN_NAME=${SCREEN_NAME:-stack}
    SERVICE_DIR=${SERVICE_DIR:-${DEST}/status}

    if [[ ! -d "$SERVICE_DIR/$SCREEN_NAME" ]]; then
        mkdir -p "$SERVICE_DIR/$SCREEN_NAME"
    fi

    rm -f "$SERVICE_DIR/$SCREEN_NAME"/*.failure
}


# Helper to get the status of each running service
# service_check
function service_check() {
    local service
    local failures
    SCREEN_NAME=${SCREEN_NAME:-stack}
    SERVICE_DIR=${SERVICE_DIR:-${DEST}/status}


    if [[ ! -d "$SERVICE_DIR/$SCREEN_NAME" ]]; then
        echo "No service status directory found"
        return
    fi

    # Check if there is any falure flag file under $SERVICE_DIR/$SCREEN_NAME
    failures=`ls "$SERVICE_DIR/$SCREEN_NAME"/*.failure 2>/dev/null`

    for service in $failures; do
        service=`basename $service`
        service=${service%.failure}
        echo "Error: Service $service is not running"
    done

    if [ -n "$failures" ]; then
        echo "More details about the above errors can be found with screen, with ./rejoin-stack.sh"
    fi
}

# Returns true if the directory is on a filesystem mounted via NFS.
function is_nfs_directory() {
    local mount_type=`stat -f -L -c %T $1`
    test "$mount_type" == "nfs"
}

# Only run the command if the target file (the last arg) is not on an
# NFS filesystem.
function _safe_permission_operation() {
    local args=( $@ )
    local last
    local sudo_cmd
    local dir_to_check

    let last="${#args[*]} - 1"

    dir_to_check=${args[$last]}
    if [ ! -d "$dir_to_check" ]; then
        dir_to_check=`dirname "$dir_to_check"`
    fi

    if is_nfs_directory "$dir_to_check" ; then
        return 0
    fi

    if [[ $TRACK_DEPENDS = True ]]; then
        sudo_cmd="env"
    else
        sudo_cmd="sudo"
    fi

    $sudo_cmd $@
}

# Only change ownership of a file or directory if it is not on an NFS
# filesystem.
function safe_chown() {
    _safe_permission_operation chown $@
}

# Only change permissions of a file or directory if it is not on an
# NFS filesystem.
function safe_chmod() {
    _safe_permission_operation chmod $@
}

# ``pip install -e`` the package, which processes the dependencies
# using pip before running `setup.py develop`
# Uses globals ``STACK_USER``, ``TRACK_DEPENDS``, ``REQUIREMENTS_DIR``
# setup_develop directory
function setup_develop() {
    local project_dir=$1

    echo "cd $REQUIREMENTS_DIR; $SUDO_CMD python update.py $project_dir"

    # Don't update repo if local changes exist
    if (cd $project_dir && git diff --quiet); then
        (cd $REQUIREMENTS_DIR; \
            $SUDO_CMD python update.py $project_dir)
    fi

    pip_install -e $project_dir
    # ensure that further actions can do things like setup.py sdist
    safe_chown -R $STACK_USER $1/*.egg-info
}


# Service wrapper to start services
# start_service service-name
function start_service() {
    if is_ubuntu; then
        sudo /usr/sbin/service $1 start
    else
        sudo /sbin/service $1 start
    fi
}


# Service wrapper to stop services
# stop_service service-name
function stop_service() {
    if is_ubuntu; then
        sudo /usr/sbin/service $1 stop
    else
        sudo /sbin/service $1 stop
    fi
}


# Normalize config values to True or False
# Accepts as False: 0 no false False FALSE
# Accepts as True: 1 yes true True TRUE
# VAR=$(trueorfalse default-value test-value)
function trueorfalse() {
    local default=$1
    local testval=$2

    [[ -z "$testval" ]] && { echo "$default"; return; }
    [[ "0 no false False FALSE" =~ "$testval" ]] && { echo "False"; return; }
    [[ "1 yes true True TRUE" =~ "$testval" ]] && { echo "True"; return; }
    echo "$default"
}


# Retrieve an image from a URL and upload into Glance
# Uses the following variables:
#   ``FILES`` must be set to the cache dir
#   ``GLANCE_HOSTPORT``
# upload_image image-url glance-token
function upload_image() {
    local image_url=$1
    local token=$2

    # Create a directory for the downloaded image tarballs.
    mkdir -p $FILES/images

    # Downloads the image (uec ami+aki style), then extracts it.
    IMAGE_FNAME=`basename "$image_url"`
    if [[ ! -f $FILES/$IMAGE_FNAME || "$(stat -c "%s" $FILES/$IMAGE_FNAME)" = "0" ]]; then
        wget -c $image_url -O $FILES/$IMAGE_FNAME
        if [[ $? -ne 0 ]]; then
            echo "Not found: $image_url"
            return
        fi
    fi

    # OpenVZ-format images are provided as .tar.gz, but not decompressed prior to loading
    if [[ "$image_url" =~ 'openvz' ]]; then
        IMAGE="$FILES/${IMAGE_FNAME}"
        IMAGE_NAME="${IMAGE_FNAME%.tar.gz}"
        glance --os-auth-token $token --os-image-url http://$GLANCE_HOSTPORT image-create --name "$IMAGE_NAME" --is-public=True --container-format ami --disk-format ami < "${IMAGE}"
        return
    fi

    # vmdk format images
    if [[ "$image_url" =~ '.vmdk' ]]; then
        IMAGE="$FILES/${IMAGE_FNAME}"
        IMAGE_NAME="${IMAGE_FNAME%.vmdk}"
        glance --os-auth-token $token --os-image-url http://$GLANCE_HOSTPORT image-create --name "$IMAGE_NAME" --is-public=True --container-format bare --disk-format vmdk --property vmware-disktype="preallocated" < "${IMAGE}"
        return
    fi

    # XenServer-vhd-ovf-format images are provided as .vhd.tgz
    # and should not be decompressed prior to loading
    if [[ "$image_url" =~ '.vhd.tgz' ]]; then
        IMAGE="$FILES/${IMAGE_FNAME}"
        IMAGE_NAME="${IMAGE_FNAME%.vhd.tgz}"
        glance --os-auth-token $token --os-image-url http://$GLANCE_HOSTPORT image-create --name "$IMAGE_NAME" --is-public=True --container-format=ovf --disk-format=vhd < "${IMAGE}"
        return
    fi

    # .xen-raw.tgz suggests a Xen capable raw image inside a tgz.
    # and should not be decompressed prior to loading.
    # Setting metadata, so PV mode is used.
    if [[ "$image_url" =~ '.xen-raw.tgz' ]]; then
        IMAGE="$FILES/${IMAGE_FNAME}"
        IMAGE_NAME="${IMAGE_FNAME%.xen-raw.tgz}"
        glance \
          --os-auth-token $token \
          --os-image-url http://$GLANCE_HOSTPORT \
          image-create \
            --name "$IMAGE_NAME" --is-public=True \
            --container-format=tgz --disk-format=raw \
            --property vm_mode=xen < "${IMAGE}"
        return
    fi

    KERNEL=""
    RAMDISK=""
    DISK_FORMAT=""
    CONTAINER_FORMAT=""
    UNPACK=""
    case "$IMAGE_FNAME" in
        *.tar.gz|*.tgz)
            # Extract ami and aki files
            [ "${IMAGE_FNAME%.tar.gz}" != "$IMAGE_FNAME" ] &&
                IMAGE_NAME="${IMAGE_FNAME%.tar.gz}" ||
                IMAGE_NAME="${IMAGE_FNAME%.tgz}"
            xdir="$FILES/images/$IMAGE_NAME"
            rm -Rf "$xdir";
            mkdir "$xdir"
            tar -zxf $FILES/$IMAGE_FNAME -C "$xdir"
            KERNEL=$(for f in "$xdir/"*-vmlinuz* "$xdir/"aki-*/image; do
                     [ -f "$f" ] && echo "$f" && break; done; true)
            RAMDISK=$(for f in "$xdir/"*-initrd* "$xdir/"ari-*/image; do
                     [ -f "$f" ] && echo "$f" && break; done; true)
            IMAGE=$(for f in "$xdir/"*.img "$xdir/"ami-*/image; do
                     [ -f "$f" ] && echo "$f" && break; done; true)
            if [[ -z "$IMAGE_NAME" ]]; then
                IMAGE_NAME=$(basename "$IMAGE" ".img")
            fi
            ;;
        *.img)
            IMAGE="$FILES/$IMAGE_FNAME";
            IMAGE_NAME=$(basename "$IMAGE" ".img")
            format=$(qemu-img info ${IMAGE} | awk '/^file format/ { print $3; exit }')
            if [[ ",qcow2,raw,vdi,vmdk,vpc," =~ ",$format," ]]; then
                DISK_FORMAT=$format
            else
                DISK_FORMAT=raw
            fi
            CONTAINER_FORMAT=bare
            ;;
        *.img.gz)
            IMAGE="$FILES/${IMAGE_FNAME}"
            IMAGE_NAME=$(basename "$IMAGE" ".img.gz")
            DISK_FORMAT=raw
            CONTAINER_FORMAT=bare
            UNPACK=zcat
            ;;
        *.qcow2)
            IMAGE="$FILES/${IMAGE_FNAME}"
            IMAGE_NAME=$(basename "$IMAGE" ".qcow2")
            DISK_FORMAT=qcow2
            CONTAINER_FORMAT=bare
            ;;
        *.iso)
            IMAGE="$FILES/${IMAGE_FNAME}"
            IMAGE_NAME=$(basename "$IMAGE" ".iso")
            DISK_FORMAT=iso
            CONTAINER_FORMAT=bare
            ;;
        *) echo "Do not know what to do with $IMAGE_FNAME"; false;;
    esac

    if [ "$CONTAINER_FORMAT" = "bare" ]; then
        if [ "$UNPACK" = "zcat" ]; then
            glance --os-auth-token $token --os-image-url http://$GLANCE_HOSTPORT image-create --name "$IMAGE_NAME" --is-public True --container-format=$CONTAINER_FORMAT --disk-format $DISK_FORMAT < <(zcat --force "${IMAGE}")
        else
            glance --os-auth-token $token --os-image-url http://$GLANCE_HOSTPORT image-create --name "$IMAGE_NAME" --is-public True --container-format=$CONTAINER_FORMAT --disk-format $DISK_FORMAT < "${IMAGE}"
        fi
    else
        # Use glance client to add the kernel the root filesystem.
        # We parse the results of the first upload to get the glance ID of the
        # kernel for use when uploading the root filesystem.
        KERNEL_ID=""; RAMDISK_ID="";
        if [ -n "$KERNEL" ]; then
            KERNEL_ID=$(glance --os-auth-token $token --os-image-url http://$GLANCE_HOSTPORT image-create --name "$IMAGE_NAME-kernel" --is-public True --container-format aki --disk-format aki < "$KERNEL" | grep ' id ' | get_field 2)
        fi
        if [ -n "$RAMDISK" ]; then
            RAMDISK_ID=$(glance --os-auth-token $token --os-image-url http://$GLANCE_HOSTPORT image-create --name "$IMAGE_NAME-ramdisk" --is-public True --container-format ari --disk-format ari < "$RAMDISK" | grep ' id ' | get_field 2)
        fi
        glance --os-auth-token $token --os-image-url http://$GLANCE_HOSTPORT image-create --name "${IMAGE_NAME%.img}" --is-public True --container-format ami --disk-format ami ${KERNEL_ID:+--property kernel_id=$KERNEL_ID} ${RAMDISK_ID:+--property ramdisk_id=$RAMDISK_ID} < "${IMAGE}"
    fi
}


# Set the database backend to use
# When called from stackrc/localrc DATABASE_BACKENDS has not been
# initialized yet, just save the configuration selection and call back later
# to validate it.
#  $1 The name of the database backend to use (mysql, postgresql, ...)
function use_database {
    if [[ -z "$DATABASE_BACKENDS" ]]; then
        # No backends registered means this is likely called from ``localrc``
        # This is now deprecated usage
        DATABASE_TYPE=$1
        DEPRECATED_TEXT="$DEPRECATED_TEXT\nThe database backend needs to be properly set in ENABLED_SERVICES; use_database is deprecated localrc\n"
    else
        # This should no longer get called...here for posterity
        use_exclusive_service DATABASE_BACKENDS DATABASE_TYPE $1
    fi
}


# Toggle enable/disable_service for services that must run exclusive of each other
#  $1 The name of a variable containing a space-separated list of services
#  $2 The name of a variable in which to store the enabled service's name
#  $3 The name of the service to enable
function use_exclusive_service {
    local options=${!1}
    local selection=$3
    out=$2
    [ -z $selection ] || [[ ! "$options" =~ "$selection" ]] && return 1
    for opt in $options;do
        [[ "$opt" = "$selection" ]] && enable_service $opt || disable_service $opt
    done
    eval "$out=$selection"
    return 0
}


# Wait for an HTTP server to start answering requests
# wait_for_service timeout url
function wait_for_service() {
    local timeout=$1
    local url=$2
    timeout $timeout sh -c "while ! http_proxy= https_proxy= curl -s $url >/dev/null; do sleep 1; done"
}


# Wrapper for ``yum`` to set proxy environment variables
# Uses globals ``OFFLINE``, ``*_proxy`
# yum_install package [package ...]
function yum_install() {
    [[ "$OFFLINE" = "True" ]] && return
    local sudo="sudo"
    [[ "$(id -u)" = "0" ]] && sudo="env"
    $sudo http_proxy=$http_proxy https_proxy=$https_proxy \
        no_proxy=$no_proxy \
        yum install -y "$@"
}


# zypper wrapper to set arguments correctly
# zypper_install package [package ...]
function zypper_install() {
    [[ "$OFFLINE" = "True" ]] && return
    local sudo="sudo"
    [[ "$(id -u)" = "0" ]] && sudo="env"
    $sudo http_proxy=$http_proxy https_proxy=$https_proxy \
        zypper --non-interactive install --auto-agree-with-licenses "$@"
}


# ping check
# Uses globals ``ENABLED_SERVICES``
# ping_check from-net ip boot-timeout expected
function ping_check() {
    if is_service_enabled neutron; then
        _ping_check_neutron  "$1" $2 $3 $4
        return
    fi
    _ping_check_novanet "$1" $2 $3 $4
}

# ping check for nova
# Uses globals ``MULTI_HOST``, ``PRIVATE_NETWORK``
function _ping_check_novanet() {
    local from_net=$1
    local ip=$2
    local boot_timeout=$3
    local expected=${4:-"True"}
    local check_command=""
    MULTI_HOST=`trueorfalse False $MULTI_HOST`
    if [[ "$MULTI_HOST" = "True" && "$from_net" = "$PRIVATE_NETWORK_NAME" ]]; then
        return
    fi
    if [[ "$expected" = "True" ]]; then
        check_command="while ! ping -c1 -w1 $ip; do sleep 1; done"
    else
        check_command="while ping -c1 -w1 $ip; do sleep 1; done"
    fi
    if ! timeout $boot_timeout sh -c "$check_command"; then
        if [[ "$expected" = "True" ]]; then
            die $LINENO "[Fail] Couldn't ping server"
        else
            die $LINENO "[Fail] Could ping server"
        fi
        exit 1
    fi
}

# Get ip of instance
function get_instance_ip(){
    local vm_id=$1
    local network_name=$2
    local nova_result="$(nova show $vm_id)"
    local ip=$(echo "$nova_result" | grep "$network_name" | get_field 2)
    if [[ $ip = "" ]];then
        echo "$nova_result"
        die $LINENO "[Fail] Coudn't get ipaddress of VM"
        exit 1
    fi
    echo $ip
}

# ssh check

# ssh_check net-name key-file floating-ip default-user active-timeout
function ssh_check() {
    if is_service_enabled neutron; then
        _ssh_check_neutron  "$1" $2 $3 $4 $5
        return
    fi
    _ssh_check_novanet "$1" $2 $3 $4 $5
}

function _ssh_check_novanet() {
    local NET_NAME=$1
    local KEY_FILE=$2
    local FLOATING_IP=$3
    local DEFAULT_INSTANCE_USER=$4
    local ACTIVE_TIMEOUT=$5
    local probe_cmd=""
    if ! timeout $ACTIVE_TIMEOUT sh -c "while ! ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -i $KEY_FILE ${DEFAULT_INSTANCE_USER}@$FLOATING_IP echo success; do sleep 1; done"; then
        die $LINENO "server didn't become ssh-able!"
    fi
}


# Add a user to a group.
# add_user_to_group user group
function add_user_to_group() {
    local user=$1
    local group=$2

    if [[ -z "$os_VENDOR" ]]; then
        GetOSVersion
    fi

    # SLE11 and openSUSE 12.2 don't have the usual usermod
    if ! is_suse || [[ "$os_VENDOR" = "openSUSE" && "$os_RELEASE" != "12.2" ]]; then
        sudo usermod -a -G "$group" "$user"
    else
        sudo usermod -A "$group" "$user"
    fi
}


# Get the path to the direcotry where python executables are installed.
# get_python_exec_prefix
function get_python_exec_prefix() {
    if is_fedora || is_suse; then
        echo "/usr/bin"
    else
        echo "/usr/local/bin"
    fi
}


# Get the location of the $module-rootwrap executables, where module is cinder
# or nova.
# get_rootwrap_location module
function get_rootwrap_location() {
    local module=$1

    echo "$(get_python_exec_prefix)/$module-rootwrap"
}


# Get the path to the pip command.
# get_pip_command
function get_pip_command() {
    which pip || which pip-python

    if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
        die $LINENO "Unable to find pip; cannot continue"
    fi
}


# Path permissions sanity check
# check_path_perm_sanity path
function check_path_perm_sanity() {
    # Ensure no element of the path has 0700 permissions, which is very
    # likely to cause issues for daemons.  Inspired by default 0700
    # homedir permissions on RHEL and common practice of making DEST in
    # the stack user's homedir.

    local real_path=$(readlink -f $1)
    local rebuilt_path=""
    for i in $(echo ${real_path} | tr "/" " "); do
        rebuilt_path=$rebuilt_path"/"$i

        if [[ $(stat -c '%a' ${rebuilt_path}) = 700 ]]; then
            echo "*** DEST path element"
            echo "***    ${rebuilt_path}"
            echo "*** appears to have 0700 permissions."
            echo "*** This is very likely to cause fatal issues for devstack daemons."

            if [[ -n "$SKIP_PATH_SANITY" ]]; then
                return
            else
                echo "*** Set SKIP_PATH_SANITY to skip this check"
                die $LINENO "Invalid path permissions"
            fi
        fi
    done
}


# This function recursively compares versions, and is not meant to be
# called by anything other than vercmp_numbers below. This function does
# not work with alphabetic versions.
#
# _vercmp_r sep ver1 ver2
function _vercmp_r {
  typeset sep
  typeset -a ver1=() ver2=()
  sep=$1; shift
  ver1=("${@:1:sep}")
  ver2=("${@:sep+1}")

  if ((ver1 > ver2)); then
    echo 1; return 0
  elif ((ver2 > ver1)); then
    echo -1; return 0
  fi

  if ((sep <= 1)); then
    echo 0; return 0
  fi

  _vercmp_r $((sep-1)) "${ver1[@]:1}" "${ver2[@]:1}"
}


# This function compares two versions and is meant to be called by
# external callers. Please note the function assumes non-alphabetic
# versions. For example, this will work:
#
#   vercmp_numbers 1.10 1.4
#
# The above will return "1", as 1.10 is greater than 1.4.
#
#   vercmp_numbers 5.2 6.4
#
# The above will return "-1", as 5.2 is less than 6.4.
#
#   vercmp_numbers 4.0 4.0
#
# The above will return "0", as the versions are equal.
#
# vercmp_numbers ver1 ver2
vercmp_numbers() {
  typeset v1=$1 v2=$2 sep
  typeset -a ver1 ver2

  IFS=. read -ra ver1 <<< "$v1"
  IFS=. read -ra ver2 <<< "$v2"

  _vercmp_r "${#ver1[@]}" "${ver1[@]}" "${ver2[@]}"
}


# ``policy_add policy_file policy_name policy_permissions``
#
# Add a policy to a policy.json file
# Do nothing if the policy already exists

function policy_add() {
    local policy_file=$1
    local policy_name=$2
    local policy_perm=$3

    if grep -q ${policy_name} ${policy_file}; then
        echo "Policy ${policy_name} already exists in ${policy_file}"
        return
    fi

    # Add a terminating comma to policy lines without one
    # Remove the closing '}' and all lines following to the end-of-file
    local tmpfile=$(mktemp)
    uniq ${policy_file} | sed -e '
        s/]$/],/
        /^[}]/,$d
    ' > ${tmpfile}

    # Append policy and closing brace
    echo "    \"${policy_name}\": ${policy_perm}" >>${tmpfile}
    echo "}" >>${tmpfile}

    mv ${tmpfile} ${policy_file}
}


# Restore xtrace
$XTRACE


# Local variables:
# mode: shell-script
# End: